The truth shall set you free > Religion
THE SWASTIKA, THE EARLIEST KNOWN SYMBOL, by Wilson, Thomas, 1832-1902/1896
Prometheus:
MOOREHEAD, Warren K. Primitive
Man | In Ohio | by | Warren K. Moore-
head | Fellow of the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science |
Author of “Fort Ancient, the Great
Prehistoric | Earthwork of Ohio,’’ etc. |
G. P. Putnam’s Sons | The Knicker-
bocker Press, | 1892.
pp. i-xii, 1-246.
Discoveries in Hopewell Mound, Chillioothe,
Hose County, Ohio, pp. 184-196.
Swastika, p. 19.rS.
MORGAN, J. I)k. Mission Scientifiqne 1 !
an Caucase | Etudes | Arelneologiqncs
et Ilistoriques | par | .1. Do Morgan |
Tomo Premier | Lcs Premiers Ages Des I
Mtftaux | Dans FAnnenio linsse | j
Paris | Ernest Eeroux, Oliteur | 28, Rue !
Bonaparte, 28 | 1889.
8°, (1), pp. i-iii, 1-231; (2), pp. i-iv, 1-305.
Swastikas on bronze pin-heads from prehis-
toric Armenian graves. Vol. i. p. 160, figs. 177,
178, 179.
MORTI1/LET, Gabriel et Adrien de.
Mnsee | Prrihistnrique | par | Gabriel et
Adrien do Mortillet | Photogravures
Michelet I Paris | C. K’einwald, Li-
brairo-Editeur | 15, Rue des Saints-
Peres, 15 | 1881 | Tons Droits Reserves.
4°. Planches C, tigs. 1269.
Tintinnabulnin and Buddha with Swastika,
pi. xcvm, fig. 1230. Swiss Lake pottery, fig.
1231. Swastika, many representations, pi. xeix,
figs. 1233, 1234, 1235, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1244, 1246,
1247, 1248, 1249; pi. c, figs. 1255, 1256, 1257, 1261,
1263, 1264, 1265, 1266. 1267. Crosses—(livers, pi.
xeix, etc.
MORTILLET, Gabriel i>e. Le Prtdiis-
torique | Autiquite do P Homme | par
Gabriel do Mortillet | Professeur d’an-
thropologie pr<5Iiistoriquc | a 1’lOcole
d’anthropologie do Paris. | 61 figures
intercaldes dans le texte. | Paris | C.
Reinwald, Librairo-Editeur | 15, Rue
des Saints-P?ircs, 15 | 1883 | Tous
droits rdservds.
12°, pp. 1-642.
Communications between Europe and Amer-
ica, pp. 186,187.
----Le Signe | de la Croix | Avant | le
Christiauisme | par | Gabriel do Mortil-
let ) Directeur des Matdriaux pour
l’Histoire positive et philosophiqite |
de l’homme | avec 117 gravures sur
bois. | Paris | C. Reinwald, Libraire-
MORTILLET, Gabriel de—continued.
Editcur | 15, rue des Saints-Pere, 15 |
1866 | Tous droits rdservds.
See p. 182.
MULLER, F. Max. Chips | from | A Ger-
man Workship. | By Max Miiller, M.
A., | Fellow of All Souls College, Ox-
ford. | Essays on * * | New York: |
Scribner, Armstrong A Co. | Successors
to Charles Scribner A Co.
Essays on Mythology, Traditions, and Cus-
toms. Svasti, Sanscrit, meaning joy or happi-
ness. Yol. ii, p. 24.
Swastika. Letter to 1 >r. Kehlirmaim, “Ilios,”
pp. 346-349.
Swastika, Review of, Athemrum (Lend.), No.
3332, Ang. 20,1892, p. 266.
MULLER, Lpdwig. [Swastika.]
Proc. Royal Danish Academy of {science, Fifth
series, Section of History and Philosophy, Vol.
Ill, p. 93.
MUNRO, Robert. Ancient | Scottish
Rake Dwellings | or Crannogs | with a
Supplementary Chapter on | Remains
of Lake Dwellings in England | by |
Robert Mimro, M. A. | M. ])., F. S. A.
Scot. | (Design) | Edinburgh: David
Douglas | 1881 | All rights reserved.
8°, pp. i-xx, 1-326.
Swastika on pin and triskelion on plank, cran-
nog of Lochleo, figs. 144 and 149, pp. 130-134.
Note by Montelius, figs. 11 and 12, p. 131.
----The | Lake Dwellings | of | Eu-
rope: | Being the | Rliind Lectures in
Arehmology | for 1888. | By | Robert
Munro, MtA., M. ])., | Secretary of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland;
Author of | “Ancient Scottish Lake
Dwellings or Crannogs.,, | Cassell Sc
Company, Limited: | London, Paris &
Melbourne. | 1890 | (All rights re-
served).
4°, pp. i-xl, 1-600.
Swastika in Lake Bonrgot (Savoy), fig. 195,
Nos. 11 and 12, pp. 532 and 538; in Lisnacroghora
(Ireland), fig. 124, No. 20; triskole, fig. 124, No.
22, pp. 383, 585.
NADAILLAC, Marquis de. Prehistoric
America | by the | Marquis de Nadail-
lac | Translated by N. D’Anvers | Ed-
ited by W. H. Dali | (Design of Vase) |
with 219 illustrations | New York and
London | G. P. Putnam’s Sons | The
Knickerbocker Press | 1884.
8°, pp. i-vii, 1-566.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SWASTIKA.
993
^ADAILLAC, Marquis de—continued.
Swastika (?) alleged to bo on tlio Pemberton
hammer from New Jersey, pp. 22, note 1, citing
Professor Haldeman, Sept. 27, 1877, Rep. Pea-
body Museum, 1878, p. 255. Dr. Abbott de-
nounces this inscription as a fraud. Primitive
Industry, p. 32.
NEWTON, John. History of Migration
of tlie Triskelion from Sicily to tlio
Isle of Man, through Henry III of
England and Alexander III of Scotland.
Athencmm, No. 3385, Sept. 10, 1892, pp. 353,
354.
NICHOLSON, Cornelius. Report of
Swastika found in recently explored
Mosaic pavement in Isle of Wight,
Munro’s “Ancient Scottish Lake Dwell-
ings,” note, p. 132.
PETRIE, W. M. Flinders. Naukratis
(Greek inscription). J Part I, 1884-85 j
by | W. M. Flinders Petrie. | With
Chapters by | Cecil Smith; Ernest
Gardner, B. A.; | and Barclay V. Head.
| (Design, two sides of coin.) | Third
Memoir of | The Egypt Exploration
Fund. | Published by Order of the
Committee. | London: | Triibner&Co.,
57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. | 1886.
Folio, pp. 1-100, pis. 1-28.
Swastika in Egypt, fourth and fifth centu-
ries B. C., pi. iv, fig. 3. Meander Swastikas,
pi. v, figs. 15,24.
PKAHISTORISC1IE BLATTER. | Yon
| Dr. Julius Nan, in Miinchen. | VI.
Jahrg., 1894. Miinchen. Nr. 5. Mit
Taf. xi-nv.
Smlerberg, Sven. Dio Thierornamentik der
Vdlkerwanderungszeit. | Mit Tertabildungen
und Tafol xi-xv. | Lund, Sweden. Figs. 12, 13,
p. 73.
PRIME, William C. Pottery and Porce-
lain j Of All Times And Nations | With
Tables of Factory and Artists’ Marks |
For the Use of Collectors | by William
C. Prime, LL.D. | (Design) | NewYork
| Harper & Brothers, Publishers |
Franklin Square | 1878.
8°, pp. 1-531.
Symbolic marks on Chinese porcelain. Tab-
let of honor inclosing Swastika. Fig. 155, p.
254; fig. 33, p. 61.
QUEEN LACE BOOK, The. A | Histor-
ical and Descriptive Account of the
Hand-Made | Antique Laces of All
Countries. | * * | with | Thirty Illus-
trations of Lace Specimens, and seven
H. Mis. 00, ]>t. 2------G3
QUEEN LACE BOOK, The—continued.
Diagrams of | Lace Stitches. | London:
| “The Queen” Office, 346, Strand, W.
C. j 1874. | All rights reserved.
pp. i-viii, 1-38.
Swastika design in linen embroidery and cut-
work (Sixteenth Century. Geometric Style),
pi. 1, fig. 2.
RAWLINSON, George The Religions |
of | the Ancient World. | By | George
Kawlinson, M. A. | Author of “The
Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient
| Eastern World,” etc. | New York: |
Hurst & Co., Publishers, | 122 Nassau
Street.
12°, pp. 1—180.
Religion of the Ancient Sanscrit Indians.
Agni, the god of Fire, described pp. 87, 89.
Sun, "Wind, Dyans (Heaven), and Pritliivi
(Earth). Nothing said about Swastika or Solar
circle.
RICHTER, Max Oiinefalsch. Excava-
tions in Cyprus.
Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, Vol. xi (ser. in),
pp. 609-682.
ROBINSON, David. A Tour | through
| The Isle of Man: | To which is sub-
joined | A Review of the Manx His-
tory. | By David Robertson, Esq. |
London : | Printed for the Author, | by
E. llodson, Bell-Yard, Temple-Bar. |
Sold by Mr. Payue, Mews-Gate; Messrs.
Egertons, Whitehall; | Whites, Fleet
Street; and Deighton, Holborn. | 1794.
4° narrow, pp. 235.
Triskelion—Coat of arms of Isle of Man.
ROCKHILL, William Woodville.
Diary of a Journey | through | Mongo-
lia and Tibet | in | 1891 and 1892 j by |
William Woodville Rockhill | G o 1 d
Medalist of the Royal Geographical
Society | (Design.) | City of Wash-
ington | Published by the Smithsonian
Institution | 1894.
4°, pp. i-xx, 1-413.
Swastika (yung-drung) tattooed on hand of
native at Kumbum, p. 67.
SACHEVERELL, William. An | Ac-
count J of the j Isle of Man, j its | In-
habitants, Language, Soil, re- | marka-
ble Curiosities, the Succession | of its
Kings and Bishops, down to | the pres-
ent Time. | By way of Essat. | With a
Voyage to I-Columb-kill. ] By William
Saeheverell, Esq.: I Late Governonr of
994
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
SACHEVERELL, William—continued.
Man. | To which is added, | A Disserta-
tion about the Mona of Cresar and |
Tacitus; and an Account of the An-
tient | Druids, &c. | By Mr. Thomas
Brown, | Address’d in a Letter to his
Learned | Friend Mr. A. Sellars. | Lon-
don : | Printed for J. Hartley, next the
King’s Head Tavern. | R. Gibson in
Middle Row, and Tho. Hodgson over
a- | gainst Gray’s-Inn Gate in Holborn,
1702.
12mo, pp. 175.
Triskolion—Coat of arms of Isle of Man.
SCHICK, Herr Baurath von. The Jeru-
salem Cross.
Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly State-
ment, July, 1894, pp. 183-188.
SCHLIEMANN, Heinrich. Atlas Tro-
janischer Alterthiimer. | Photograph-
ische Abbildungen | zu dem | Berichte
| liber die Ausgrabungen in Troja |
von | Dr. Heinrich Schliemann. |
(Design) | Leipzig: | In Commission
bei F. A. Brockhaus. | 1874.
Folio, pp. 1-57, plates, 1-217.
Spindle ?whorls—passim. Swastikas on many
specimens from fig. No. 142 to 3468. No. 237 is
in U. S. National Museum as part of Mme.
Scliliemann’s collection.
SCHLIEMANN, Henry, llios | The City
and Country | of | the Trojans | The
Results of Researches and Discover-
ies on the Site of Troy and | Through-
out the Troad in the Years 1871-72-73-
78-79 | Including an | Autobiography
of the Author | By Dr. Henry Sehlie-
mann | F. S. A., F. R. I. British Archi-
tects | Author of “ Troy and Its Re-
mains,” “Mycenae,” etc. | With a Pref-
ace, Appendices, and Notes | By Pro-
fessors Rudolf Virchow, Max Muller,
A. II. Sayee, J. P. Mahaffy, II. Brugscli-
Bey, P. Aseherson, M. A. Postolaceas,
M. E. Burnouf, Mr. F. Calvert, and Mr.
J. A. Duffield. | (Greek Verse) | With
Maps, Plans, and About 1,800 Illustra-
tions. | New York | Harper & Brothers,
Franklin Square | 1881. |
8°, pp. i-xvi, 1-800.
Swastika: Introduction, p. xi, and pp. 229,231,
303,349,353,416,518,571, 573.
“Owl-faced” (?) vases, figs. 227, 1293, 1294.
Fig. 986 (not owl, but human, Virchow), pp.
xiii, xiv.
Figures of Swastika on spindle-whorls—pas-
sim—fig. 1850 is in the U. S. National Museum.
SCHLIEMANN, Henry—continued.
----Mycenae; | A Narrative of Researches
and Discoveries | at Myceme and Ti-
ryns. | By Dr. Henry Schliemann, | Cit-
izen of the United States of America, |
Author of “Troy and Its Remains,”
“Ithaque, Le Peloponucse et Troie,” |
and “ La Chine etleJapon.” | The Pref-
ace | By tho Right Hon. W. E. Glad-
stone, M. P. | Maps, Plans, and Other
Illustrations. | Representing more than
7,000 Types of the Objects Found in
the | Royal Sepulchres of Mycenae and
Elsewhere | In tho Excavations. | New
York: | Scribner, Armstrong Sc Com-
pany. | 1878. | (All Rights Reserved.)
8°, pp. i-lxviii, 1-384, Swastika, pp. 77, 165,
259, figs. 383, 385, and many others.
------Troja | Results of the Latest | Re-
searches and Discoveries on the | Site of
Homer’s Troy | And in the Heroic
Tumuli and Other Sites | Made in the
Year 1882 | and a Narrative of a Jour-
ney in the Troad in 1881 | by | Dr. Henry
Schliemann | Hon. D. C. L., Oxon., and
Hon. Fellow of Queen’s College, Ox-
ford | F. S. A., F. R. I. B. A. | Author of
“ llios,” “ Troy and its Remains,” and
“Mycenae and Tiryns ” | Preface by
j Prof. A. H. Sayce | with 150 Woodcuts
| and 4 Maps and Plans | (Quotation in
German from Moltke: Wunderbueh, p.
19, Berlin, 1879) | New York | Harper &
Brothers, Frankliu Square | 1884.
80, pp. 1-434.
Swastika, preface xviii, xxi, pp. 122,124,125
126,127,128.
Spiral form, pp. 123.
Lycian coins—triskelion, pp. 123,124.
SCIIVINDT, Theodor. Vihko 1-4 | Suo-
malaisia koristeita. | 1. Ompelukor-
isteita. | Finnische Ornamente. | 1.
Stickornamente. | Heft 1-4 | Suola-
laisen Kirjallisuuden Seura Ilelsin-
gissa. | 1894.
Description of Finnish national ornamental
embroidery in which the Swastika appears as
a pattern made by oblique stitches, pp. 14, 15,
figs. 112-121.
SIMPSON, William. Swastika.
Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly State-
ment, January, 1895, pp. 84,85.
SNOWDEN, James Ross. A Descrip-
tion | of | Aocient and Modern Coins, |
in the | Cabinet Collection | at the Mint
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SWASTIKA.
995
SNOWDEN, James Ross—continued,
of the United States. | Prepared and
arranged under the Direction of |
James Ross Snowden, | Director of the
Mint. | Philadelphia: | J. B. Lippincott
& Co. | 1860.
8°, pp. i-xx, 1-412.
Punch-marks on ancient coins, and how they
were made. Introduction, pp. ix-xiv, and
figures.
SQUIER, E. George. Peru | Incidents
of Travel and Exploration | in the |
Land of the Incas | ByE. George Squier,
M. A., F. S. A. | Late U. S. Commis-
sioner to Peru, Author of “Nicaragua,”
“Ancient Monuments | of Mississippi
Valley,” etc., etc. | (Design) | With Il-
lustrations | New York | Harper Broth-
ers, Publishers | Franklin Square |
1877.
8°, pp. i-xx, 1-599.
Mythologic representations of earth, air,
and water. The cross not mentioned as one,
p. 184.
STEVENS, George L. The Old North-
ern | Runic Monuments | of Scandina-
via and England | Now first | collected
and deciphered | by | George Stevens,
Esq., F. S. A. | Knight of the Northern
Star and other titles, | with many hun-
dreds of fac-similes and illustrations
partly in gold, silver, bronze and col-
ors. | Runic alphabets; introductions;
appendices; word-lists, etc. | London,
John Russell Smith. | Kobenhaven,
Michaelsen and Tillge. | Printed by
H. H. Thiele, 1866-67.
8°, pp. i-xi, 1-625.
STEVENSON, James. Collections made
in New Mexico and Arizona, 1879, by
James Stevenson.
Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81,
pp. 307-465, figs. 347-697.
Spiral in basketry, fig. 542. Swastika (dance-
rattle), fig. 562, p. 394. Maltese cross, fig. 642.
Greek cross, fig. 708, p. 453.
SYKES, Lieut. Col. Notes on the reli-
gious, moral, and political state of India
before the Mohammedan invasion,
chiefly founded on the travels of the
Chinese Buddhist priest, Fa-Hian, in
India, A. D. 399, and on the commen-
taries of Messrs. Klaproth, Burnouf,
and Landresse.
Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland, Yol. vi, pp. 248, 299, 310, 334.
THOMAS, Cyrus. Burial Mounds of
Northern Sections of the United States.
Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1883-84,
pp. 3-119, pis. i-vi, figs. 1-49.
Excavations in Little Etowah Mounds.
Human figures on copper plates, repouss6
work, figs. 42,43, pp. 100, 101.
Eagle (copper) Mound near Bluff Lake, Un-
ion County, Illinois, fig. 48, p. 105.
----Report on the Mound Explorations
of the Bureau of Ethnology.
Twelfth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology,
1890-91, pp. 1-730, pis. i-XLll, figs. 1-344.
Human figures (copper), repouss6 work, figs.
186, p. 304; 189, p. 306.
Eagle Mound in Illinois, fig. 192, p. 309.
Swastika on shell, Big Toco Mound, Tennes-
see, fig. 262, p. 383.
THOMAS, G. W. Excavations in Anglo-
Saxon Cemetery, Sleaford, Lincoln-
shire. Swastika.
Arehceologia, Yol. L, 1887, pt. 2, p. 386, pi.
xxiv, fig. 2.
TYLOR, Edward B. Anthropology: |
An Introduction to the Study of | Man
and Civilization. | By | Edward B. Tay-
lor, D. C. L., F. R. S. | With Illustra-
tions. | New York: | D. Appleton and
Company, | 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street. |
1881.
12°, pp. 1-448.
Spinning and spindle whorls, pp. 247,248.
----Primitive Culture | Researches into
Prometheus:
the Development of | Mythology, Phi-
losophy, Religion, | Language, Art and
Custom | by | Edward E. Tylor, LL. D.,
F. R. S., | Author of “Researches into
the Early History of Mankind,” etc. |
(Quotation in French) | First Ameri-
can, from the Second English Edition |
In Two Volumes | (Design) | Boston |
Estes & Lauriat | 143 Washington
Street | 1874.
8°, (1), pp- i-xii, 1-502; (2), pp. i-viii, 1-470.
WAKE, C. S. The Swastika and Allied
Symbols.
Am. Antiquarian, 1894, Yol. xvi, p. 413.
The writer cites Prof. Alois Raimond Hein,
Meander, etc., Worbelornamente in Amerika.
Yienna, 1891.
WARING, J. B. Ceramic Art | in | Re-
mote Ages; | With Essays on the Sym-
bols of | the Circle, the Cross and
Circle, | the Circle and Ray Ornament,
the Fylfot, | and the Serpent, | Show-
ing their Relation to the Primitive
996
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
WARING, J. B.—continued.
Forms | of | Solar and Nature Wor-
ship, | by | J. B. Waring, | Author of |
“Stone Monuments, Tumuli, and Orna- i
meut of Remote Ages,” “Illustrations
of Architecture and Ornament,” | “The '
Art Treasures of the United Kingdom,” i
»Vc., *fcc. | London: | Printed and Pub-
lished by .John B. Day, | Savoy Street,
Straud | 1874.
Folio, pp. 1-127, pis. 1-55.
Swastika; Triskelion; Ancicntcoins. l’latcs
2, 3,7,27, 33,41-44.
WIENER,Ciiahles. lYrou j etBolivie |
R^eit de Voyage | suivi | d’Etmles
Archdologiques et Ethnographiques |
et de Notes | Sur l’Ecriture et les Lan-
gues des Populations Iiuliennes | ]>ar |
Charles Wiener | Ouvrage Contenant |
100 Gravures, 27 cartes et 18 plans | (De-
sign) | Paris | Librairie llaeliette et
Cie. | 79, Boulevard Saint-Germain,79 |
1880 | Droits de Propriety et de traduc-
tion reserves.
8°, pp. i-xi, 1-790.
Christian cross in America.—Means us<<l to
implant it. Chap, vii, pp. 71G-730.
| WOOD, J. G. The | Natural | History of
Man; | Being | an Account of the Man-
ners and Customs of the | Uncivilized
Races of Men. | By the Rev. | J. G.
Wood, M. A., F. L. S. | etc., etc. | AVith
New Designs by An gas, Dan by, Wolf,
Zweeker, etc., etc. | Engraved by the
Brothers Dalziel. | Loudon: j George
Rontledge and Sous, The Broadway,
Ludgate. | New York; 416 Broome
Street. | 1868.
2 volst., 8°, pp. 774, 804.
Tlie Gurani Indians wear the qiteyu or bead
apron; Vol. II, p. 020, blit the Waraus wear
only a triangular bit of bark, p. 023.
WRIGHT, T. F. Notes on the Swastika.
Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly State-
ment, London. October, 1894, p. 300.
ZMIGRODZKI, Michael V. Zur | Gc-
schichte der Suastika | von | Michael
V. Zmigrodzki | Mit Vier Figuren ini
Text und Vier Tafeln. | Braun-
schweig, | Druek und Verlag von Frie-
dericli Vieweg und Solin. | 1890.
----Histoire du Suastika.
Congris International d'Anthrop. et Archeol.
Prehist. Compte Rendu de la dixiinne session
a Paris, 1889 pp. 473-490.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATKS.
Facing page.
FI. 1. Origin of Buddha, with Swastika sign, according to Tao Shih..... 800
2. Swastika decreed by Empress Wn (684-704 A. D.) as a sign for sun in
China.......................................................... 800
3. Swastika design on silk fabrics................................... 800
4. Swastika in sjiider web over fruit................................ 800
5. Buffalo with Swastika on forehead. Presented to Emperor of Sung
Dynasty.......................................................... 800
6. Incense burner with Swastika decoration. South Tang Dynasty..... 800
7. House of Wa Tsung-Chih of Sin Shin, with Swastika in railing...... 800
8. Mountain or wild date—fruit resembling Swastika. China............ 800
9. Punch marks on reverse of ancient coins........................... 876
Eig. 1. Coin from Lydia. Electrum. Reverse. Oblong sinking
between two squares. Babylonic stater. The earliest
known coinage. Circa B. C. 700.
2. Phenician half stater. Electrum. Reverse. Incuse square
with cruciform ornament.
3. Silver coin of Teos. Reverse. Incuse square. Circa 544
B.C.
4. Silver coin of Acanthus. Reverse. Incuse square.
5. Silver coin of Mende. Reverse. Incuse triangles.
6. Silver coin of Terone. Reverse. Incuse.
7. Coin of Bisaltse.1 Reverse. Elat incuse square. Octa-
drachiu.
8. Silver coin of Orrescii.1 Reverse. Incuse square. Octa-
drachm.
9. Corinthian silver coin. Reverse. Incuse square divided
into eight triangular compartments.
10. Silver coin of Abdcra. Reverse. Incuse square.
11. Silver coin of Byzantium. Reverse. Incuse square, gran-
ulated.
12. Silver coin of Thrasos (Thrace). Reverse. Incuse square.
10. Engraved Eulgnr(?) shell resembling statue of Buddha. Toco mound,
Tennessee. Cat. No. 115560, U.S.N.M.............................. 880
11. Plan of North Fork (Hopewell) Works, Ross County, Ohio. Smith-
sonian Contrib. to Knowledge, I, pi. x............................ 888
12. Plan of Hopewell mound, Ross County, Ohio, in which aboriginal cop-
per Swastikas were found. Primitive Man in Ohio, pi. xxxiv........ 888
13. Human skull, with copper-covered horns, probably of elk. Hopewell
mound, Ross County, Ohio. Primitive Man in Ohio, frontispiece..... 890
14. Altar, Hopewell mound, Ross County, Ohio. Found near the copper
Swastika shown in fig. 244. Primitive Man in Ohio, fig. xxxvii. Cat.
No. 148662, U. S. N. M............................................ 890
1 The Basal ta'- and Orrescii were Thracian tribes who dwelt in the valleys of the
Strymon and the Augites, to the north of the Pangman Range.
997
998
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
Facing page.
PI. 15. Bead necklace and garters witli Swastika ornamentation. Sac Indians. 894
16. Ceremonial bead garters witli Swastikas. Sac Indians, Cook County
(Kansas) Reservation.............................................. 896
17. “Navajo Mountain Chant.” Dr. 'Washington Matthews. Fifth Ann.
Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1883-84, pi. xvn............................... 898
18. Folium Vitus (“fig leaves”)—terra-cotta covers, “ tnnga,” used by ab-
origines of Brazil. Cat. Nos. 59089 and 36542, U.S.N.M............. 904
19. Various forms of crosses in use among North American Indinns, from
Greek cross to Swastika. Second Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81,
pi. liii........................................................... 928
Fig. 1. Greek cross.
2. Greek cross.
3. Cross on copper.
4. Cross on shell.
5. Greek cross.
6. Greek cross.
7. Latin cross, copper.
8. Greek cross.
9. Latin cross, copper.
10. Swastika on shell.
11. Swastika on shell.
12. Swastika on pottery.
13. Swrastika on pottery.
20. Palenque cross, foliated. Smithsonian Contrib. to Knowledge, xxir, fig. 7,
p. 33 ......................................................... 932
21. Modern porcelain spindle-whorls. Southern France. Cat. No. 169598,
U.S.N.M.......................................................... 968
22. Navajo woman using spindle and whorl. Dr. Washington Matthews,
Third Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol, 1881-82, pi. xxxiv................ 970
23. Series of aboriginal spindles and whorls from Peru. Cat. No. 17510,
U.S.N.M.......................................................... 972
24. Selected specimens of spindle-whorls from the Third, Fourth, and Fifth
cities of Troy. U. S. National Museum.......................... 974
25. Selected specimens of spindle-whorls from the Third, Fourth, and Fifth
cities of Troy. U. S. National Museum............................ 974
TEXT FIGURES.
Page.
Fig. 1. Latin cross (Crux immissa)........................................ 765
2. Greek cross.................................................... 765
3. St. Andrew's cross (Crux decussata)............................ 765
4. Egyptian cross (Crux ansata), the Key of Life................ 766
5. Tau cross, Thor’s hammer, St. Anthony's cross................ 766
6. Monogram of Christ. Labarum of Constantine................... • 766
7. Maltese cross.................................................. 766
8. Celtic crosses................................................. 767
9. Normal Swastika. Arms crossing at right angles, with ends bent to
the right..................................................... 767
10. Suavastika. Arms bent to the left........................... 767
11. Swastika...................................................... 767
12. Croix swasticale (Zmigrodzki)................................. 767
13a. Ogee and spiral Swastikas. Tetraskelion (four-armed).......... 768
13&. Spiral and volute. Triskelion (three-armed)................... 768
13c. Spiral and volute (five or many armed)...................... 768
13d. Ogee Swastika with circle..................................... 768
THE SWASTIKA.
999
Page.
Fig. 14. Nandavartava, a third sign of the footprint of Buddha. Burnouf,
Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Paris, 1852, p. 626................... 774
15. Typical lotuses on Cyprian vases. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., p. 77.. 782
16. Typical lotus on Rhodian vases. Goodyear, Grammar, etc.......... 782
17. Typical lotus on Melian vases. Goodyear, Grammar of the Lotus___ 782
18. Detail of Cyprian vase showing lotuses with curling sepals. Met.
Mus. of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. xlvii, fig. 1.. 782
19. Details of a Cyprian amphora; lotus with curling sepals, and dif-
ferent Swastikas. Met. Mus. of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, Grammar,
etc., pi. xlvii, figs. 2 and 3........................ 783
20. Theory of the evolution of the spiral scroll from lotus. One volute.
Goodyear, Grammar, etc., fig. 51............................... 783
21. Theory of lotus rudiments in spiral. Tomb 33, Abd-el-Kourneh,
Thebes. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., p. 96......................... 783
22. Concentric rings connected by tangents. Petrie, History of Scarabs. 784
23. Conceiltric rings with disconnected tangents. Barringer Coll., Met.
Mus. of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., PI. vm, fig. 23.... 784
24. Concentric rings without connection. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi.
vm, fig. 25. Farman Coll., Met. Mus. of Art, N. Y.............. 784
25. Special Egyptian meander. An illustration of the theory of deriva-
tion from the spiral. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. x, fig. 9... 784
26. Detail of Greek vase. Meander and Swastika. No. 2843 in Polytech-
nic, Athens. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., fig. 174................. 785
27. Detail of Greek geometric vase in the British Museum. Swastika,
right, with solar geese. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., fig. 173, p. 353.. 785
28. Greek geometric vase. Swastika with solar geese. Goodyear, Gram-
mar, etc., fig. 172, p. 353.................................... 785
29. Bronze statue of Buddha. Japan. Eight Swastikas on pedestal, cane
tintinnabulum with six movable rings or bells. Cernuschi Coll.
One-fifteenth natural size...................................... 799
30. Japanese potter’s mark on porcelain. Swastika, left. Sir A. W.
Franks, Catalogue, etc., pi. xi, fig. 139; De Mortillet, Muste Pre-
historique, fig. 1248........................................... 799
31. Potter’s mark on porcelain. China. Tablet of Honor, with Swas-
tika. Prime, Pottery and Porcelain, p.254...................... 801
32. Footprint of Buddha with Swastika, from Amaravati Tope. From
a figure by Fergusson and Schliemann............................ 802
33. Explanation of Jain Swastika, according to Gandhi.............. 804
(1) Archaic or protoplasmic life; (2) plant and animal life; (3)
human life; (4) celestial life.
34a. The formation of the Jain Swastika—First stage................. 804
34/>. The formation of the Jain Swastika—Second stage................ 804
34c. The formation of the Jain Swastika—Third stage................. 805
35. Bronze pin-head from Cheithan-thagh. De Morgan, An Caucase, fig.
177............................................................. 807
36. Bronze pin-head from Akthala. De Morgan An, Can case, fig. 178_ 808
37. Swastika mark on black pottery. Cheithan-thagh. 1*6 Morgan, An
Caucase, fig. 179............................................... 808
38. Fragment of bronze ceinturo. Necropolis of Koban, Caucasus.
Swastika repouss^. Natural size. Chantre, Le Caucase, pi. xi,
fig. 3.......................................................... 808
39. Bronze agrafe or belt plate. Triskelion in spiral. Koban, Caucasus,
Chantre, Le Caucase, pi. xi, fig. 4.......................... 809
40. Swastika signs from Asia Minor. Waring, Ceramic Art in Pemote
Ages, pi. xli, figs. 5 and 6.................................... 809
1000
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
Page.
Fig. 41. Brand for horses in Circassia. Ogee Swastika, tetraskelion. Waring,
Ceramic Art, ete., pi. xlii, lig. 20c................................. 809
42. Fragment of lustrous black pottery. Swastika, right. Sclilieinann,
Ilio8, fig. 247....................................................... 810
43. Spindle-whorl with two Swastikas and two crosses; 23 feet depth.
Sclilieinann, Ilios, fig. 1858........................................ 811
44. Spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios,
fig. 1874 ............................................................ 811
45. Spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios,
fig. 1919............................................................. 811
46. Spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, [lion,
fig. 1826 ............................................................ 811
47. Spindle-whorl, three Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Iliox,
fig. 1851............................................................. 811
48. Spindle-whorl, Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig.
1982.................................................................. 812
19. Sphere, eight segments, one containing Swastika. Schliemann, Ilios,
lig. 1999 ............................................................ 812
50. Biconical spindle-wliorl, Swastika. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1949....... 812
51. Biconical spindle-wliorl, six Swastikas; 33 feet depth. Schliemann,
Ilios, fig. 1859...................................................... 813
52. Biconical spindle-wliorl, two ogee Swastikas; 33 feet depth. Schlie-
niann, Ilios, fig. 1876............................................... 813
53. Spindle-whorl, four Swastikas; 33 feet depth. De Mortillet, Mu see
Prehistorique, fig. 1210.......................................*— 813
54. Spindle-wliorl, one Swastika; 33 feet depth. De Mortillet, Musee
Prehistorique, fig. 1241.............................................. 813
55. Conical spindle-wliorl, three ogee Swastikas; 13| feet depth. Sclilie-
mann, Ilios, fig. 1850................................................ 814
56. Conical spindle-wliorl, four Swastikas, various kinds; 13£ feet depth.
Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1879.......................................... 814
57. Conical spindle-wliorl, Swastikas; 13£ feet depth. Schliemann,
Ilios, fig. 1891.................................................... 814
58. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika ; 134 fe depth. Schliemann,
Ilios, fig. 1983 ....'............................................. 815
59. Biconical spindle-whorl, three ogee Swastikas; 134 feet depth.
Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1990.......................................... 815
60. Biconical spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 161 feet depth. Sehlie-
niann, Ilios, fig. 1863............................................... 815
61. Biconical spindle-whorl, five ogee Swastikas; 18 feet depth. Sehlie-
maun, Ilios, fig. 1905................................................ 816
62. Spindle-whorl, three Swastikas; 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios,
fig. 1855 ............................................................ 816
63. Spindle-whorl, four ogee Swastikas, with spiral volutes; 18 feet depth.
Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1868.......................................... 816
64. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika; 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann,
Ilios, fig>1865....................................................... 816
65. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika; 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann,
Ilios, fig. 1866...................................................... 817
66. Biconical spindle-whorl, three Swastikas and three “burning
altars;” 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1872............. 817
67. Biconical spindle-whorl, four Swastikas of the Jain style; 19.8 feet
depth. Schliemann, Ilios, tig. 1873................................... 817
68. Biconical spindle-whorl, three Swastikas of different styles; 19.8 feet
depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1912....T,........................... 817
THE SWASTIKA.
1001
Prometheus:
Pago.
Fig. 69. Biconical spindle-wliorl, one Swastika of the figure-8 style; 19.8 feet
depth. Schliemann, Ilios, tig. 18C1............................. 818
70. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika slightly ogee; 19.8 feet depth.
Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1864.................................... 818
71. Conical spindle-whorl, three ogee Swastikas; 13|feetdepth. Selilio-
mann, Ilios, fig. 1852. Gift of Mme. Schliemann. Cat. No. 149704,
U.S.N.M............................................... 818
72. 73, 74. Forms of whorls from fifth buried city of Hissarlik, for com-
parison. Schliemann, Ilios, figs. 1801,1802, and 1803........... 819
75. Terra-cotta sphere, thirteen Swastikas. Third city; 26 feet depth.
Schliemann, Ilios, figs. 245, 246............................... 819
76. Terra-cotta disk, one Swastika. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1849..... 820
77. Spindle-whorl, ogeo Swastika. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schlie-
mann, Ilios, fig. 1822........................................... 820
78. Biconical spindle-whorl, irregular Swastikas and crosses. Fonrth
’ city; 13.6 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1871 ............ 820
79. Biconical spindle-whorl, uncertain and malformed Swastikas. Third
city; 33 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1870...•-.......... 820
80. Biconical spindle-whorl, irregular and partly formed Swastika with
large dot in center. Fourth city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios,
fig. 1875 ....................................................... 821
81. Biconical spindle-whorl, flattened, two Swastikas with indefinite
decoration. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1947...................... 821
82. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika and four segments of circles.
Third city; 33 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1989......... 821
83. Biconical spindle-whorl, flattened, ogee Swastika with center circle.
Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1987......... 822
84. Biconical spindle-whorl, six ogee Swastikas, with center circlo and
dot. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1862.... 822
85. Spherical spindle-whorl, flattened top, ogee lines which do not form
Swastikas. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1890....................... 822
86. Biconical spindle-whorl, ogeo carves not crossed to form Swastikas.
Fourth city; 10.6 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1889...... 822
87. Spherical spindle-whorl flattened, with two Swastikas combined with
segments and dots. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1988................. 823
88. Two sections of terra-cotta sphere, central circle and many extended
arms, ogee and zigzag to the left. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1993. 823
89. Spherical spindle-whorl, large central dot with 12 arms, in same form
as ogeo Swastika. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1946.................. 823
90. Spindle-whorl, central dot with ogee arms radiating therefrom, turn-
ing in different directions, but in form of Swastika. Third city; 29
feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1830 ............. 824
91. Spindle-whorl, central hole with radiating arms. Third city; 23 feet
depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1842................. 824
92. Spindle-whorl, large central circle with many arms. Fourth city;
19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1837 .................. 824
93. Spindle-whorl, central hole and large circle with many curved arms.
Third city; 29 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1833........ 824
94. Large biconical spindle-whorl with four large crosses with bifur-
cated arms. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig.
1856............................................................. 825
95. Spindle-whorl, hole and large circle in center with broad arms of
Greek cross. Third city; 26.4 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig.
1820............................................................ 825
96. Spindle-whorl, hole and large circle in center, extended parallel arms
of Greek cross, with dots. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
Ilios, fig. 1817................................................. 825
1002 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
Page.
Fig. 97. Spindle-whorl, arms of Greek cross tapering, with dots. Third city;
23 feet depth. Schliemanu, Ilios, tig. 1818.................... 825
98. Spindle-whorl, central hole, three arms ornamented with dots. Third
city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1819.............. 826
99. Bieonieal spindle-whorl, with four animals associated with the Swas-
tika. Third city; 33 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1877.. 826
100. Bieonieal spindle-whorl, with four animals associated with the Swas-
tika. Fourth city; 19.6 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1867.. 826
101. Spindle-whorl, figure-8 Swastika (?) with six “burning altars.”
Fourth city; 19.6 feet depth. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 1838..... 826
102 to 113. Trojan spindle-whorls. Schliemann, Ilios................. 827
114 to 124. Trojan Spindle-whorls. Schliemann, Ilios................. 828
125. Leaden idol, Artemis Nana of Chaldea, with Swastika. Hissarlik,
23 feet depth, 1£ natural size. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 226.... 829
126. Terra-cotta vase with mamclon. Fourth city; 16| feet depth. One-
third natural size. Cat. No. 149676, U.S.N.M................... 830
127. Terra-cotta vase with circle or ring. Fourth city; 20 feet depth. One-
third natural size. Schliemann, Ilios, fig. 988................ 830
128. Terra-cotta vase, with circle or ring with Croix swasticale. Fourth
city; 20 feet depth. One-sixth natural size. Schliemann, Ilios,
iig. 986.............................................. 831
129. Terra-cotta vase, with circle or ring inclosing Swastika. Fifth city;
10 feet depth. Two-fifths natural size. Schliemann, Troja, fig.
101.............................................................. 831
130. Greek vase showing deer, geese, and three Swastikas. Naukratis,
ancient Egypt, sixth and fifth centuries B. C. Flinders Petrie,
Third Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund, pt. 1, pi. iv, fig. 3; and Goodyear,
Grammar, etc., pi. lx, fig. 2.................................. 834
130a. Detail of vase shown in the preceding figure................... 834
131. Pottery fragments with two meander Swastikas. Naukratis, an-
cient Egypt. Petrie, Third Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund, pt. 1, pi. v,
figs. 24 and 15.................................................. 835
132. Fragments of Greek vase with lion and three meander Swastikas.
Naukratis, ancient Egypt. Petrie, Sixth Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund,
pt. 2, pi. v, fig. 7; and Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. xxx, fig. 2 .. 835
133. Fragment of Greek vase with figures of sacred animals and Swastikas
associated with Greek fret. Naukratis, ancient Egypt. Petrie,
Sixth Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund, pt. 2, pi. vi, fig. 1............. 836
134. Fragment of Greek vase with figures of animals, two meander
Swastikas, and Greek fret. Nankratis, ancient Egypt. Petrie, Sixth
Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund, pt. 2, pi. viii, fig. 1; and Goodyear, Gram-
mar, etc., pi. xxx, fig. 10...................................... 836
135. Greek vase with deer and meander and figure-8 Swastikas. Nan-
kratis, ancient Egypt. Sixth Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund, pi. v, fig. 1. 837
136. Greek tapestry. Coptos, Egypt. First and second centuries A. D.
Forrer, Achmim-Panopolis, pi. ix, fig. 3......................... 837
137. Torus of column with Swastikas. Roman ruins, Algeria. Dela-
mare. "Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xliii, fig. 2............ 838
138. Bronze ingots captured at Coomassee during Ashantee war. Swastika
on each........................................................ 838
139. Variations of the Greek fret. The two continuous lines crossing
each other give the appearance of Swastikas.................... 839
140. Greek geometric vase with goose and Swastika (panel). Smyrna.
Leyden Museum. Conze. Anfiinge, etc., Vienna, 1870; and Good-
year, Grammar, etc., pi. lvi, fig. 4.................. 839
THE SWASTIKA.
1003
Page.
Fig. 141. Greek vase, geometric ornament, Athens. Horses, Swastika (panels).
Dennis, Etruria, vol. 1, p. cxiii............................... 839
142. Greek vase with Swastikas (panels). Conze, Anfange, etc., vol. 4;
and Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. lx, fig. 13.................... 839
143. Detail of Archaic Greek vase with solar goose and Swastika (panel).
British Museum. Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xli, fig. 15..... 840
144. Cyprian pottery plaque with Swastika (panel). Met. Mus. of Art,
N. Y. Cesnola, Cyprus, Its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples, pi.
. xlvii, fig. 40.................................................... 840
145. Detail lrom Cyprian vase, Swastikas in triangles. Goodyear, Gram-
mar, etc., pi. i, fig. 11....................................... 840
146. Detail of Attic vase with antelope (?) and Swastika. British
Museum. Bohlau, Jahrbuch, 1885, p. 50; and Goodyear, Grammar,
etc., pi. xxxvii, fig. 9.............................. 840
147. Cyprian vase with Swastikas. Cesnola, Cyprus, etc., appendix by
' Murray, p. 404, fig. 15........................................... 841
148. Terra-cotta figurine with Swastikas (panels). Cesnola, Cyprus, p.
300. Ohnefalsch-Richter, Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop, Paris, 1888, p. 681,
fig. 11......................................................... 841
149. Terra-cotta vase, Swastika, and figure of horse.................. 841
150. Bronze fibula with Swastika, goose, and fish, Boeotia, Greece, onc-half
natural size. Ludwig Muller. De Mortillet, Musee FrShistorique, '
fig. 1265........................................................ 841
151. Details of Greek vase with birds and Swastikas. Waring, Ceramic
Art, etc., pi. xxxiii, fig. 24; and Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. xlvi,
fig. 5............................................................ 842
152. Detail of Cyprian vase, sun hawk, lotus, solar disk, Swastikas. Bolau,
Jahrbuch, 1886, pi. vm; Reinach, Revue Archeologique, 1885, n, p.
360; Chipiez & Perrot, Hist, of Art in Antiq., iv, p.564; Goodyear,
Grammar, etc., pi. xlv, fig. 3.................................... 842
153. Detail of Greek geometric vase with horses and Swastika. Thera.
Leyden Museum. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. lxi, fig. 4......... 842
154. Bronze fibula with large Swastika on shield. Greece. Musce St.
Germain. De Mortillet, Musde Pr61iistorique, fig. 1264. One-half
natural size....................................-..... 843
155. Greek vase, oinochoe, with two painted Swastikas. De Mortillet,
Musfy Frehistorique, fig. 1244. One-quarter natural size........ 843
156. Cyprian vase with animal and Swastikas. Cesnola, Cyprus, etc., pi.
xlv, fig. 36...................................................... 843
157. Archaic Greek pottery fragment. Santorin, ancient Thera. War-
ing, Ceramic Art., etc., pi. xlii, fig. 2....................... 843
158. Cyprian vase with bird, lotus, and Swastikas. Met. Mus. of Art,
N. Y. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. lx, fig. 15.................. 844
159. Cyprian vase with two Swastikas. Cesnola Coll., Met. Mus. of Art,
N. Y. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., fig. 151......................... 844
160. Fragment of terra-cotta vase with Swastikas, from ruins of temple
at Paleo-Paphos; 40 feet depth. Cesnola, Cyprus, etc., p. 210... 845
161. Wooden button, clasp, or fibula, covered with plates of gold, ogee
Swastika (tetraskelion) in center. Schliemann, Mycenw, fig. 385,
p. 259 ............................................... 845
162. Detail of Greek vase with goose, honeysuckle (Anthemion), spiral
Swastika. Thera. Monumenti Inedite, lxv, 2. Goodyear, Gram-
mar, etc., pi. xlvi, fig. 7........................... 845
163. Detail of Greek vase, Sphynx with spiral scrolls, two meander Swas-
tikas (right). Melos. Bohlau, Jahrbuch, 1887, xii'; Goodyear.
Grammar, etc., pi. xxxiv, fig. 8................................ 846
1004
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
Pago.
Fig. 164. Detail of Greek vase, ibex and scroll, meander Swastika (right).
Melos. Bohlau, Jahrbuch, 1887, p. 121; and Goodyear, Grammar,
etc., pi. xxxix, fig. 2.......................................... 846
165. Detail of Greek vase with ram, meander Swastika (left), circles,
dots, and crosses. Rhodian style. British Museum. Salzmann,
Necropole de Camire, Li; and Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. xxvm,
fig. 7........................................................... 846
166. Cyprian vase and details with birds and Swastikas. Perrot &. Clii-
piez, Chypre, etc., p. 702; Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. xlviii, figs.
6 and 12; Cesnola, Cyprus, etc., appendix by Murray, pi. xliv,
fig. 34, p.412.................................................... 847
167. Cyprian vase with lotus, bosses, buds, and sepals, and different Swas-
tikas. Cesnola Coll., Met. Mus. of Art., N. Y. Goodyear, Gram-
mar, e tc., pi. xlviii, fig. 3......................... 847
168. Cyprian vase with bosses, lotus buds, and different Swastikas. Ces-
nola Coll., Met. Mus. of Art., N. Y. Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi.
xlviii, fig. 15................................................... 848
169. Detail of early Bmotian vase with horse, solar diagram, Artemis with
geese, and Swastikas (normal and meander, right and left). Good-
year, Grammar, etc., pi. lxi, fig. 12.................. 848
170. Detail of Rhodian vase with geese, circles, and dots, Swastikas (right
and left). British Museum. Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xxvii,
fig. 9............................................................ 819
171. Detail of Rhodian vase with geese, lotus, circles, and two Swastikas
(right and left). Goodyear, Grammar, etc., fig. 145, p. 271........ 849
172. Greek vase of typical Rhodian style with ibex, geese, lotus, six Swas-
tikas (normal, meander, and ogee, all left). Goodyear, Grammar,
etc., pi. xxxviii, p. 251........................................ 850
173. Detail of Greek vase with deer, solar diagrams, three Swastikas (sin-
gle, double, and meander, right). Melos. Conze. Meliosche Thovge-
fdsse; Goodyear, Grammar, etc., pi. lx, fig 8...................... 851
171. Archaic Greek vase from Athens with five Swastikas, of four styles.
British Museum. Birch, History of Ancient Pottery, quoted in
Waring’s Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xli, fig. 15; Dennis, Etruria, Yol i,
p. xci.................................................................. 851
175. Detail of Archaic Boeotian vase with two serpents, crosses, eight
Swastikas (normal, right, left, and meander). Goodyear, Gram-
mar, etc., pi. lx, fig. 9......................................... 852
176. Attic vase for perfume with Swastikas of two kinds and Croix swas-
ticale. Olincfalsch-Richter, Pull. Soe. d? Anthrop., Paris, 1888,
p. 674, fig. 6.................................................... 852
177. Detail of Cyprian vase, Swastika with palm tree, sacred to Apollo.
Citium, Cyprus. Ohnefalsch-Richter, Bull. Soc. (VAnthrop., Paris,
1888, p. 673, fig. 3............................................ 852
178. Cyprian vase, birds, Swastika, (panel). Musde St. Germain. Ohne-
falsch-Richter, Bull. Soc. (TAnthrop., Paris, 1888, p. 674, fig. 6. 853
179. Chariot of Apollo-Resef with sun symbol (?) on a shield ; four Swas-
tikas, two right and two left, on quadrants of chariot wheels.
Cesnola, Salamania, p. 240, fig. 226; and Ohnefalsch-Richter, Bull.
Soc. d’Anthrop., Paris 1888, p. 675, fig. 7........................ 853
180. Terra-cotta statue of goddess, Aphrodite-Astarte, with four Swas-
tikas. Curium, Cyprus. Ohnefalsch-Richter, Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop.,
Paris, 1888, p. 676, fig. 8........................................ 853
181. Cyprian centaur with one Swastika. Cesnola, Salamania, p.243, fig.
230; Ohnefalsch-Richter, Bull. Soc. .d’Anthrop., Paris, 1888, p. 676,
fig. 9
853
THE SWASTIKA.
1005
Page.
Prometheus:
Fig. 182. Creek statue, Aphrodite-Ariadne, with six Swastikas, four right, ami
two left. From Polistis Chrysokon. Ohuefalsch-Kicliter, Ball.
Soc. d’Anthrop., Paris, 1888, p. 677, fig. 10.................... 854
183. Hut uru (Bronze Age), Etruria. “Burning Altar” mark associated
with Swastikas. Vatican Museum................................... 856
184. Fragment of Archaic Greek pottery with three Swastikas. Cunne,
Campania, Italy. Pochette; "Waring, Cei'am-ic Art, etc., pi. xlii,
fig. 1................................................. 858
185. Cinerary urn with Swastikas in panels. Vatican Museum. San
Marino, near Albano. Pigorini, Arehaologia, 1869................. 858
186. Cinerary urn with Swastikas inclosed in incised lines in intaglio
(panels). Cervetri, Italy. Conestabile dne Dischi in Bronzo, pi. v,
fig. 2, one-sixth natural size......................... 858
187. Gold fibula with Swastikas (left). Etruscan Museum, Vatican.
Catalogue, 1st pt., pi. xxvi, fig. 6, one-half natural size...... 859
188. Etruscan gold bulla, Swastika on bottom. Waring, Ceramic Art,
etc., pi. xlii, fig. 4a............................... .......... 859
189. Ornamental Swastika on Etruscan silver howl, Cervetri (Ciere),
Etruria. Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xli, fig. 13............. 859
190. Bronzo fibula with two Swastikas (supposed rays of sun), Etruria.
Copenhagen Museum. Goblet d’Alviella. Oue-fourtli natural size.
Do Mortillet, Musee Prehistorique, fig. 1263..................... 859
191. Pottery urn ornamented with successive bands, in intaglio, two of
which bands are Swastikas. Necropolis Aruoaldi, Italy, Museum
of Bologna. Gozzadini, Scavi Archaologici, etc., pi. iv, fig. 8.. 860
192. Fragment of pottery, row of Swastikas in intaglio, Necropole Fel-
sinea, Italy, Museum of Bologna. Gozzadini, Due Sepolcri, etc., p.
7, one-half natural size......................................... 860
193. Swastika sign on clay bobbin. Type Villanova, Bologna. Gozzadini
Coll. De Mortillet, Mush Prehistorique, fig. 1239................ 860
194. Pottery vase ornamented with bronze nail heads in form of Swastika.
Este, Italy. Materiaux, etc., 1884, p. 14........................ 861
195. Fragment of pottery with Swastika stamped in relief.............. 861
196. Stamp for making Swastika sign on pottery. Swiss lake dwelling of
Bourget, Savoy, Mus6e de ChamlxSry. Chantre, Age du Bronze, figs.
53 and 55; and Keller, Lake Dwellings of Europe, etc., pi. clxi,
fig. 3................................................. 861
197. Fragment of ccinture, thin bronze, repoussd, with Swastikas of vari-
ous kinds; Tumulus Alsace. Bronze Age, llalstattien epoch. De
Mortillet, Musee Prehistorique, fig. 1255 ............. £62
198. Fragment of ceinture of thin bronze, openwork with intricate Swas-
tikas; Tumulus of Metzstetten, Wurtemburg. Museum of Stutt-
gart, Halstattien epoch. Do Mortillet, Musee Prehistorique, fig. 1257,
and Chantre, Caucasus, etc., vol. II, p. 50, fig. 25............. 862
199. Bronze fibula, the body of whieh forms a Swastika. Museum of
Mayence. De Mortillet, Musee Prehistorique, fig. 1266 ........... 862
200. Sepulchral urn with Swastika. North Germany. Lisch & Sohroter,
Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. vn, fig. 94....................... 862
201. Spearhead with Swastika, Croix swasticale and triskelion. Branden-
burg, Germany. Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xliv, fig. 21. Viking
Age, Vol. n, fig. 336.................................. «63
202. Bronze pin with Swastika, pointille, from mound in Bavaria. Chan-
tre. Materiaux, 1884, pp. 14, 120................................ ^63
203. Runic inscription on bronze sword, inlaid with silver. S'aebo, Nor-
way. One of the characters is a Swastika......................... 864
1006
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
Page.
Fig. 204a. Swastika with. dots. Torcello, Italy. Du Cliaillu, Viking Age, vol.
ii, fig. 335 .................................................... 865
2045. Runic inscription on spearhead. Torcello, Italy. Du Chaillu, Viking
Age, vol. ii, fig. 335 .......................................... 865
205. Redding comb with Swastika. Scandinavia........................... 865
206. Bronze brooch or fibula with combination of Swastikas. Scandinavia. 865
207. Bronze brooch with Swastikas (tetraskelions), right and left; tris-
kelion, left. Scandinavia.......................................... 866
208. Plaque for ceinture with buckle, two ogee Swastikas (tetraskelions). 866
20S. Scandinavian sword scabbard with two ogee Swastikas (tetrasko-
lions), right and left............................................. 866
210. Scandinavian sword scabbard with ogee Swastika.................... 866
211. Scandinavian sword scabbard, two triskelions, right and left...... 866
212. Gold brooeh with ogee Swastika. Island of Fyen. Waring, Ceramic
Art, etc., pi. xliii, fig. 11.................................... 867
213. Scandinavian bronze silver-plated horse gear with three Swastikas,
one elaborate. Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xliv, fig. 16...... 867
214. Scandinavian sword scabbard with normal Swastika. Vimose bog
find............................................................... 867
215. Sculptured stone with Greek cross in circle, normal Swastika in
square, and ogee Swastika in quatrefoil............................ 868
216. Fragment of thin bronze, repoussd, ogee Swastika. Ireland. Dr. R.
Munro, Lake Dwellings of Europe, pi. 124, figs. 20-22............ 868
217. Fragment of thin bronze, triskelion. Ireland. Munro, Lake Dwell-
ings of Europe, p. 384, pi. 124, figs. 20-22 .................... 868
218. Bronze pin with small normal Swastika on head. Crannog of Loch-
lee, Tarbolton, Scotland. Munro, Lake Dwellings of Europe, p. 417.. 868
219. Carved triskelion found on fragment of ash wood. Crannog of Loch-
lee, Tarbolton, Scotland. Munro, Lake Dwellings of Europe, p. 415.. 869
220. Stone altar with Swastika on pedestal. France. Museum of Tou-
louse. Do Mortillet, Musce Prtihistoriquc, fig. 1267 ............ 869
221. Pottery bottle of dark gray with Swastika, and decoration in white
barbotine. Gallo-Roman epoeh. Museum of Rouen. De Mortillet,
Musce Prthistorique, fig. 1246................................... 870
222. Anglo-Saxon bronze gilt fibula, simulation of Swastika. Long Wit-
tenliam, Berkshire............................................... 870
223. Pottery urn with band of twenty Swastikas made by hand. White
on blackish ground. Shropham, Norfolk. British Museum. War-
ing, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. hi, fig. 50 ............... 871
224. Lycian coin, triskelion, with three arms representing cocks’ heads
and necks.......................................................... 871
225. 226. Lyeian coins, triskelions, with central dots and circles, 480 B. C.
Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xlii, figs. 12 and 13............. 871
227. Sicilian coin with quadriga and triskelion, 336-280 B. C. Coins of the
Ancients, Brit. Mns., pi. xxxv, fig. 28............................ 873
228. Warrior’s shield, from a Greek vase, Achilles an4. Hector, Agrigen-
tum, Sicily. Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xlii, fig. 24-.--.... 873
229. Corinthian coin with punch mark resembling Swastika. Obverse
and reverse........................................................ 876
230. Ancient Hindu coin. A cross with Swastika on extremity of eaeh arm.
Cunningham, Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xli, fig. 18.......... 877
231. 232, 233, 234. Ancient Hindu eoins with Swastikas, normal and ogee.
Cunningham, Waring, Ceramic Art, etc., pi. xli, figs. 20, 21, 22, 23.. 877
235. Ancient coin- with Swastika. Gaza, Palestine. Waring, Ceramic
Art, etc,, pi. xlii, fig. 6...., .rTT.. r........................ 878
THE SWASTIKA.
1007
rase.
Fig. 236. Gold braeteate with Jain Swastika. Denmark. Thomson, Atlas,
Table vn. Waring, Ceramie Art, etc., pi. i, fig. 9............ 878
237. Shell gorget with engraved Swastika., circles, and dots. Mound on
Fains Island, Tennessee. Cat. No. 62928, U.S.N.M.............. 880
238. Engraved shell with Swastika, circles, and dots. Toco Mound, Mon-
roe County, Tenn. Cat. No. 115624, U.S.N.M.................... 880
239. Shell gorget. Two fighting figures, triangular breecli-clout, dots and
eircles, three garters and anklets. From mound on Fains Island;
associated with fig. 237. Cat. No. 62930, U.S.N.M. Third Ann.
Hep. Bur. Etlinol., 1881-82, p. 452, fig. 128................. 885
240. Copper plate. Etowah Mound, Georgia. Cat. No. 91113, U.S.N.M.
Fifth Ann. Hep. Bur. Etlinol., 1883-84.......................... 886
241. Copper plate. Repoussd work. Etowah Mound, Georgia. Cat. No.
91117, U.S.N.M.................................................. 887
242. Engraved shell. Triangular breech-clout, with dots and circles.
* Etowah Mound, Georgia. Cat. No. 91443, U.S.N.M................ 888
243. Copper plate repousse (eagle). Mound in Union County, 111. Cat.
No. 91507, U.S.N.M.............................................. 889
244. Swastika cross of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross County,
Ohio. One-fourth natural size.................................. 889
245. Flat ring of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross County, Ohio. One-
fifth natural size.............................................. 889
246. Stencil ornament of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross County,
Ohio. One-eighth natural size.................................. 889
247. Stencil ornament of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross County,
Ohio. One-fourth natural size................................. 890
248. Fish ornament of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross County,
Ohio. One-sixth natural size................................... 890
249. Lozenge-shaped stencil of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross
County, Ohio. Three-fourths natural size........................ 890
250. Spool-shaped object of copper. Repouss6 and intaglio decoration.
Hopewell Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Natural size................. 891
251. Fragment of engraved bone representing a paroquet. Hopewell
Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Natural size.......................... 892
252. Fragment of engraved bone probably representing a Mississippi kite
or leather-back turtle. Hopewell Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Nat-
ural size....................................................... 892
253. Fragment of engraved bone probably representing an otter with a
fish in his mouth. Hopewell Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Natural
size............................................................ 893
254. Water jug, red on yellow, Swastika in center. Poinsett County, Ark.
Cat. No. 91230, U.S.N.M....................................... 893
255. Kansa Indian war chart. Swastika, sign for winds and wind songs.
J. Owen Dorsey, Am. Naturalist, July, 1885, p. 670 ........... 894
256. Dance rattle, small gourd in black, white, and red, ogee Swastika on
each side. Cat. No. 42042, U.S.N.M. Second Ann. Jlep. Bur.
Etlinol., 1880-81, fig. 562..................................... 896
257. Tima Indian war shield with ogee Swastika (tetraskelion) in three
stripes of color, (I) blue, (2) red, (3) white. Cat. No. 27829,
U.S.N.M......................................................... 900
258. Pima Indian war shield with ogee Swastika. The hole near the
lower arm of the Swastika was made by an arro\v shot. (Prop-
erty of F. W. Hodge)................................. 900
259. Colonial patchwork with pattern resembling Swastika; Scribner's
Magazine, September, 1894 ...................................... 901
1008
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1891.
Page
Fig. 260. Fragment of the foot of a stone metate with Swastika. Niearagua.
Cat. No. 23726, U.S.N.M.................................. 902
261. Fragment of stone slab with ogee Swastika (tetraskelion) from an-
cient Maya city of Mayapan. Inscription translated as “lire” by
Le Plongeon. Proc. Amcr. Antiq. Soc., April 21, 1881 ... 903
262. Different forms of Swastika placed together for comparison....... 905
203. Shell gorget, cross, circle, sun rays (?), and the heads of four ivory-
hilled woodpeckers (?) arranged to form a Swastika. Missis-
sippi................................................... 906
261. Shell gorget from Tennessee.............................. 907
265. Shell gorget from Tennessee.............................. 907
266. Shell gorget from Tennessee.............................. 908
267. Scalloped shell disk (Fulgur), with three spiral volutes (triskelion).
From mound near Nashville, Tenn.......................... 909
268. Scalloped shell disk with circles, dots, and four spiral volutes (tetra-
skelion). Mound near Nashville, Tenn............................ 910
269. Shell disk, unfinished engraving, dot and circle in center, and ogee
Swastika (tetraskelion) marked, but not completed. ilrakebill
mound, near Knoxville, Tenn...................................... 911
270,271. Engraved shell disk (obverse and reverse) with tliree-armed
volutes (triskelion)............................................... 911
272. Engraved shell disk with three-armed volute or spiral Swastika
(triskelion). From mounds in Tennessee............................. 912
273. Engraved shell disk. Three-armed volute (triskelion). Tennessee.. 912
274. Engraved shell disk. Three-armed volute (triskelion). Tennessee.. 913
275. 276, 277, 278. Engraved shell gorgets (Fulgur) representing the spider,
with circles and Greek crosses. From stone graves and mounds in
Illinois and Tennessee..................................... 913,911,915
279. Engraved shell gorget (Fulgur) representing rattlesnake. From
McMahon mound, Tennessee. Second Ann. Iicp. Bur. Ethnol.,
1880-81, pi. lxiii................................................. 915
280, 281, 282, 283, 281, 285. Engraved shells (Fulgur) with representations
of the human face. (For comparison.) From Tennessee and Vir-
ginia........................................................ 916,917
286. Engraved shell (Fulgur). Human figure. McMahon mound, Ten-
nessee. (For comparison.) Second Ann. Pep. Ilur. Ethnol., 1880-81,
pi. lxxi........................................................... 917
287. Engraved shell (Fulgur). llumantigure. (Foreomparison.) Mound
in Tennessee. Second Ann. Pep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, pi. lxxii.. . 918
288. Engraved shell gorget (Fu Igur). Human figure. (Foreomparison.)
Missouri. Second Ann. Pep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, pi. lxxiii..... 919
289. Tottery vessel, with four-armed volute, ogee Swastika (tetraskelion).
Arkansas. One-third natural size................................... 920
290. Pottery vessel, four volutes resembling Swastika. Fecan Point,
Ark. One-third natural size........................................ 920
291. Pottery vessel, animal shaped, volutes, nine arms. Pecan Point,
Ark. One-third natural size........................................ 920
292. Pottery bowl, volutes with many arms. Arkansas. One-third nat-
ural size......................................................... 921
293. Pottery vase, volutes. Arkansas.................................. 921
294. Tripod pottery vase, four-armed volutes making spiral Swastika.
Arkansas. One-third natural size................................... 922
295. Pottery bowl with spiral Swastika, live arms, in bottom. Poinsett
County, Ark. Cat. No. 114035, U.S.N.M. Two views, top and side. 923
296. Vessel of black ware, spiral scroll. Arkansas.................... 924
THE SWASTIKA.
1009
Prometheus:
Pago
ig. 297. Pottery bowl, bird shaped with three parallel incised lines with
ribbon fold. Charleston, Mo..................................... 924
21)8. Pottery bottle with three parallel incised lines turning with ribbon
fold. Charleston, Mo............................................ 925
299. Pasket work with many armed volutes. Fourth Ann. Ilep. F>nr.
Fihnol., 1882-83, fig. 485 ..................................... 925
300. Engraved shell gorget disk. Greek cross resembling Swastika, in-
cised lines. Monnd, Union County, 111.............................. 920
301. Engraved shell gorget with Greek cross. Charleston, Mo. Second
Ann. Hep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, pi. li, fig. 2................. 927
302. Engraved shell gorget disk. Greek cross, inchoate Swastika. Sec-
ond Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, Tl. lii, fig. 3............ 928
303. Fragment of copper disk. Greek cross in center eirele. Ohio. Am.
Mns. Nat. Hist., N.Y. Second Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, pi.
lii, fig. 4........................................................ 928
304. Engraved shell disk gorget, rude cross with many dots. Lick Creek,
Tenn. Second Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, pi. lii, fig. 2... 929
305. Engraved shell, Greek cross, hatched. Caldwell County, N. C. Cat.
No. 831G9, U.S.N.M................................................. 929
306. Engraved shell tliree-armed (triskelion). Lick Creek, Tenn. Cat.
No. 83170, U.S.N.M.............................................. 929
307. Drilled and engraved shell or “rnntoe” with dotted Greek cross in
circle. Arizona.................................................... 930
308. Drilled and engraved shell or “runtee/’ dots and rings forming circle
and Greek cross. Ohio....-......................................... 930
309. Drilled and engraved shell or “runtce,” dots and rings forming circle
and Greek cross. New York . ................................ 930
310. Pottery jar with crosses, encircling rays and scallops. Third Ann.
Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1881-82, tig. 188.............................. 931
311. Olla, decorated with Greek and Maltese crosses. Second Ann. Bep.
Bur. Ethnol., 1880-81, fig. 708 .................................. 93,2
. 312. Pottery water vessel, Maltese cross. Second Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol.,
1880-81, fig. 642.................................................. 932
313. Pottery vase finely decorated in red and white glaze. Mexico. Mal-
tese cross with sun symbol (?). Cat. No. 132975, U.S.N.M........ 933
314. Greek cross representing winds from cardinal points. Dakota
Indians. Tenth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89, fig. 1225....... 934
315. The eross in connection with eirele. Sun symbols (?). Petroglyphs
a to f, Hopi Indians, Oakley Springs, Ariz.; g, Maya Indians.
Tenth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89, figs. 1118, 1120, and 1126.... 935
316. Circles and rays, probably representing sun symbols, a to /, Hopi
Indians, Oakley Springs, Ariz.; g to k—Ojibways................. 935
317. Crosses with circles, star symbols. Oakley Springs, Ariz.......... 936
318. Star symbol, circle and rays without eross. Oakley Springs, Ariz.. 936
319. Crosses, circles, and squares representing lodges. Dakota Indians.. 936
320. Latin cross representing dragon fly. Dakota Indians.............. 936
321. Double cross of six arms, representing dragon fly. Moki Indians,
Arizona. Tenth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89, fig. 1165....... 937
322. Crosses representing flocks of birds, Eskimos. Cat. Nos. 14211 and
45020, U.S.N.M. Tenth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89, fig. 1228.. 937
323. Large white Greek eross, petroglyph. Tulare Valley, California.
Tenth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89, fig. 1229 ............... 937
324. Petroglyphs from Owens Valley, California, a, h, Greek cross; c,
double Latin cross; d to /, Latin crosses representing human
figures. Tenth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89, fig. 1230:......
H. Mis. 90, pt. 2-------04
938
1010
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.
Page.
Fig. 325. Cross in zigzag lines representing human form. Navajo Indians____ 9.58
326. Maltese cross (?), representing a woman; breath in the center.... 939
327. Maltese and St. Andrew's crosses, emblems of maidenhood. Moki
Indians........................................................... 939
328. Cross with bifurcated foot representing human form. Shaman,
Innuits........................................................... 939
329. St. Andrew's crosses, symbol for wood. Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol.,
1888-89, fig. 1233................................................ 940
330. Graphic delineation of the alligator, from a vase of the lost-color
group. Chiriqui. Ilolmes, Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85,
fig. 257.......................................................... 941
331. Graphic delineation of the alligator, from a vase of the lost-color
group. Chiriqui. Holmes, Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85,
fig. 258.......................................................... 941
332. Conventional ligure of alligator, from lost-color ware. Chiriqui.
Holmes, Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, lig. 259 ......... 942
333. Conventional figure of alligator crowded into a short rectangular
space. Chiriqui. Holmes, Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85,
fig. 265 ......................................................... 942
334. Conventional figure of alligator crowded into a circle. Chiriqui.
Holmes, Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, fig. 266 ......... 942
335. Series of figures of alligators, showing stages of simplification.
Chiriqui. Holmes, Sixth Anti. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, fig. 277.. 943
336. Series showing stages in the simplification of animal characters,
beginning with the alligator and ending with the Greek cross.
Chiriqui. Holmes, Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, fig. 278... 943
337 to 342. Terra-cotta color stamps, Mexico, with designs similar to the
Swastika. Cat. Nos. 99124, 99127, 27887, 99115, 99118, and 99122,
U.S.N.M................................................................. 946
343. Terra-cotta color stamps, with designs similar to the Swastika.
Piaroa Indians, Venezuela. Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1888-89,
fig. 982, p. 621.................................................. 947
344. Modern churn lid with design resembling Swastika. Lapland....... 956
345. Stone spindle-whorl, Neolithic. Swiss lake dwelling. C at. No. 100641,
U.S.N.M........................................................... 967
346. Stone spindle-whorl, Neolithic. Swiss lake dwelling. Cat. No. 100641,
U.S.N.M........................................................... 967
347. Stone spindle-whorl, Neolithic. Lund, Sweden. Cat. No. 5281,
U.S.N.M........................................................... 967
348. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl, Neolithic or Bronze Age. Swiss lake dwell-
ing. Cat. No. 100642, U.S.N.M..................................... 967
349. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl, Neolithic or Bronze Age. Swiss lake dwell-
ing. Cat. No. 100642, U.S.N.M..................................... 968
350. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl, Swiss lake dwelling. Cat. No. 100642,
U.S.N.M........................................................... 968
351. 352, 353. Prehistoric terra-cotta spindle-whorls. Orvieto, Italy. Cat.
No. 101671, 101672, U.S.N.M...................-................ 968
354, 355. Prehistoric spindle-whorls. Corneto, Italy. . Cat. No. 101773,
U.S.N.M.................................-.....-................ 968
356. Modern spindle and whorl used for spinning thread. Wiirtemberg,
Germany....................................-................... 969
357. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl design similar to Swastika. Valley of
Mexico. Cat. No. 27875, U.S.N.M.....-.......................... 970
358. Mexican terra-cotta.spindle-whorl design similar to Swastika.... 971
359. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Omotepe Island, Nicaragua. Cat. No.
28899, U.S.N.M.................................................... 971
THE SWASTIKA.
1011
Page.
Fig. 360. Terra-cotta spindle-wliorl. Omotepe Island, Nicaragua. Cat. No. ?»
28898, U.S.N.M................................................. 971
361. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Granada, Nicaragua. Cat. No. 23295,
U.S.N.M........................................................ 972
362. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Malacato, Zapatera Island, Nicaragua.
Cat. No. 29009, U.S.N.M........................................ 972
363. Spindle-whorl, gray clay decorated with annular nodes. Chiriqui.
Holmes, Sixth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, fig. 218....•___ 972
364. Spindle-whorl of gray clay with animal figures. Chiriqui. Holmes,
Sixth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, fig. 219................ 973
365. Spindle-whorl of dark clay with perforations and incised ornaments.
Chiriqui. Holmes, Sixth Ann. Bep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884-85, fig. 220.. 973
366. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Manizales, Colombia, South America.
Cat. No. 16838, U.S.N.M........................................ 973
367. Bobbin or spool for winding thread (?). Type Villanova, Corneto,
Italy.' U.S.N.M................................................ 975
368. Terra-cotta bobbin or spool for winding thread (?). Type Villanova,
Bologna, Italy. Cat. No. 101771, U.S.N.M...................... 975
369. Bobbin (?). Mound near Maysville, Ky. Cat. No. 16748, U.S.N.M.. 976
370. Bobbin ($). Lexington, Ky. Cat. No. 16691, U.S.N.M.............. 976
371. Bobbin (?). Lewis County, Ky. Fine-grained sandstone. Cat. No.
59681, U.S.N.M................................................. 976
372. Bobbin (?). End views. Fine-grained sandstone. Maysville, Ky.
Cat. No. 16747, U.S.N.M........................................ 977
373. Woman’s woolen dress found in oak coffin. Borum-Eskoi, Denmark.
Bep. Smithsonian Inst. (U.S.N.M.), 1892, pi. ci, fig. 2........ 978
374. Detail of woven cloth shown in the preceding figure. Denmark.
Bep. Smithsonian Inst. (U.S.N.M.), pi. ci, fig. 3.............. 979
Distribution of the Swastika
Facing page.
..... 904
cnAJ^r.
Tage.
Showing the probable introduction of tlie Swastika into different countries.. 794
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