The Swastika dates from the earliest diffusion of theJ^gyjitia^iimandcr in the
t/fuiHin of tho Mediterranean, and it is a profound remark of Do Morgan (Mission
Seieutiiique an ('ancase) that the area of the Swastika .appears to be coextensive
\vitb_t.ho area of bmir/.e. In northern^prehistorie Europe, where the Swastika has
attracted considerable attention, it is distinctly connected with the bronze culture
derived, fronTtlio sonthT^Whcn foil ml oil prehistoric jmllCiy ~oTtUc north, the
southern home'oTlts beginnings is equally clear.

In seeking tho home of a symbol, we should consider not only the nature of its
appearance, but also where it is found in the largest amount, for this shows the
center of vogue and power—that is to say, the center of diffusion. The vogue of the
Swastika at Troy is not as great as its vogue in Cyprian Greek pottery (pi. 60, fig. 15)
and Rhodian pottery (pi. 60, fig. 2).   *   *   * Tl is well known to Melian vases (pi.

60, fig. and to archaic Greek vases (pi. 61, fig. 12), but its greatest prominence is
on the pottery of the Greek geometric style (pi.60, fig. 13; pi.56, fig. 4; pi.61, figs.
1 and 4; and figs. 173 and 174).   *   *   *

Aside from tho Greek geometric style, our earliest reference for tho Swastika, and
. very possibly an earlier reference than the first, is its appearance on tho “lint urns”
v of Ttaly. On such it appears rather as a fragment of the more complicated meander
patterns, from which it is derived. My precise view is that the earliest and, conse-
quently*, imperfect, forms of the Swastika are on the hut urns of Italy, bnt that, as
an independent and definitely shaped pattern, it first belongs to the Greek geometric
style! Ido not assert that the Swastika Tsvery common on hut urns, which are
often undecorated. *   *   * Our present intermediate link with India for the

Swastika lies in the Cancasus and in the adjacent territory of-Koban. This last
ancient center of the arts in metal has lately attracted attention through the publi-
cation of Virchow (Das Griiberfeld von Koban). In the original Coban l)TQjize»^pf
the Prehistoric Museum of St. Germain there is abundant matter for study (p. 351).

Mr. R. P. Greg, in “ Fret or Key Ornamentation in Mexico and Peru,”3
says:

Both the Greek fret and the fylfot appear to have been unknown to the Semitic
nations as an ornament or as a symbol.

’Bull. Soc. d’Antbrop., Paris, December 6, 1888, pp. 669,679,680.

2   “Grammar of the Lotus,” p. 348 et seq.

3Arelia*ologia, xlvii, pt. 1, p. 159.
 THE SWASTIKA.

797

In Egypt the fylfot does not occur. It is, I believe, generally admitted or supposed
that the fylfot is of early Aryan origin. Eastward toward India. Tibet, and China
it was adopted, in all probability, as a sacred symbol of   westward it may

have spread in one form oranotherlo Greecch-A^iaMiimr. jmd even to North Germany.

Oartailhac says:1

Modern Christian archaeologists have obstinately contended that the Swastika was
composed of four gamma, and so have called it the Croix Gamince. But the Rarna-
yana placed it on the boat of the Rama long before they had any knowledge of
Greek. It is found on a number of Buddhist edifices; the Sectarians of Yisliuu
placed it as a sign upon their foreheads. Burnouf says it is the Aryan sign par
excellence. It was surely a religious emblem in use in India fifteen centuries before ^
the Christian era, and thence it spread to every part. In Europe it appeared about
the middle of the ’civilization of the bronze age, and we find it, pure or transformed
into a cross, on a mass of objects in metal or pottery during the first age of iron.
Sometimes its lines were rounded and given a graceful curve instead of straight and
square at its ends and angles. [See letter by Gandhi, pp. 803, 805.]

M. Oartailhac notes* 2 several facts concerning the associations of the
Swastika foimcjL by him in Spain and Portugal and belonging to the
first (prehistoric) age of iron: (1) The Swastika was associated with
the silhouettes of the duck or bird, similar to those in Greece, noted
by Goodyear; (2) the association (in his fig. 41) on a slab from the lake
dwellings, of the Maltese cross and reproduction of the triskelion;

(3) a tetraskelion, which he calls a Swastika “flamboyant,” being the
triskelion, but with four arms, the same shown on Lycian coins as
being ancestors of the true triskelion (his fig. 412); (4) those objects
were principally found in the ancient lake dwellings of Sambroso and
Briteiros, supposedly dating from the eighth and ninth centuries B.

With them were found many ornaments, borders representing cords,
spirals, meanders, etc., which had the same appearance as those found
by Schliemann at Mycenra. Oartailhac says:3

Without doubt Asiatic influences are evident in both cases; first appearing in the
Troad, then in Greece, they wero spread through Iberia and, possibly, who can tell,
finally planted in a far-away Occident.

A writer in the Edinburgh Review, in an extended discussion on
“ The pre-Christian cross,” treats of the Swastika under the local name
of “ Fylfot,” but in such an enigmatical and uncertain manner that it is
difficult to distinguish it from other and commoner forms of the cross.
Mr. Waring4 criticises him somewhat severely for his errors:

He states that it is found *   *   * in the sculptured stones of Scotland (but

after careful search we can find only one or two imperfect representations of it,
putting aside the Newton stone inscription, where it is probably a letter or numeral
only); that it is carved on the temples and other edifices of Mexico and Central
America (where again we have sought for it in vain); that it is found on the cinerary
urns of the terramare of Parma and Vicenza, the date of which has been assigned
by Italian antiquaries to 1000 B. C. (but there again we have found only the plain

*   “Ages Prehistoriqiie de PEspagne et du Portugal,” pp. 285-293,

2   Ibid., p. 286.

3   Ibid., p. 293.

*   “ Ceramic Art in Remote Ages,” p. 13.
 798

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

cross, and not the fylfot), and, finally, he asserts that “it was the emblem of Libitina
or Persephone, the awful Queen of the Shades, and is therefore commonly found
on the dress of the tumulorum fossor in the Roman catacombs,” but we have only
found one such example. “It is noteworthy, too,” he continues, “in reference to
its extreme popularity, or the superstitious veneration in which it has been also
universally held, that the cross pattde, or cruciform hammer (but we shall show
these are different symbols), was among the very last of purely pagan symbols
which was religiously preserved in EuropeTlong alter the establishment of Christi-
/Oh anityTnot in Europe, but i uT8can(iin aviaTand wherever tlie Scand in a v i an s had pene-
trated)!* It may btTseenupou tne bells ot many of outTSarish churches, as
at Appleby, Mexboroughj Haythersaye, Waddingtou, Bishop’s Norton, West Bark-
with, and other places, where it was placed as a magical sign to subdue the vicious
spirit of the tempestand he subsequently points out its constant use in relation
to water or rain.

Mr. Waring continues:

The Rev. C. Boutcll, in “Notes and Queries,” points out that it is to be found on
many mediaeval monuments and bells, and occurs—e. g., at Appleby in Lincolnshire
(peopled by Northmen)—as an initial cross to the formula on the bell “ Sta. Maria,
o. p. n. and c.” In these cases it has clearly been adopted as a Christian symbol.
In the same author’s “ Heraldry,” he merely describes it as a mystic cross.

Mr. Waring makes one statement which, being within his jurisdic-
tion, should be given full credit. He says, on page 15:

It [the Swastika] appear* in_ Sent.)mid and England only in those parts where
Scam]ipavipim penetrated and settled, but is not once found in any works of purely
Irish^or FraiiccTCeltln-ajL

He qualifies this, however, by a note:

, I believe it occurs_twice_on an “Ogam” stone _in the Museum of the Royal Irish
'i Academy, figured’IrTwilde’iTcatalogue (p. lb(i), but the fylfots are omitted in the
wood cut. [See fig. 215.]

Dr. Brinton,1 describing the normal Swastika, u with four arms of
equal length, the hook usually pointing from left to right,77 says: “In
this form it occurs in India and on very early (Neolithic) Grecian,
Italic, and Iberian remains.j; Drr-BriTTtoiris the only_author who,
writing at length or in a, critical manner, attributes the Swastika to the
Neolithic*period in Europe, and in this, more than likely, he is correct.
Professor Virchow’s opinion as to the antiquity of the hill of Hissarlik,
wherein Dr. Schliemann found so many Swastikas, should be consid-
ered in this connection. (See p. 832, 833 of this paper.) Of course,
its appearance among the aborigines of America, we can imagine,
must have been within the Neolithic period.

n

Jo

&

^roc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 1889, xxix, p. 179.
 THE SWASTIKA.

799

II.—Dispersion of the Swastika.

EXTREME ORIENT.

JAPAN.

The Swastika was in use in Japan in anr.ip.ntn.Rwp.il as modern times.
Fig. 29 represents a bronze statue of Buddha, one-fifteenth natural size,
from Japan, in the collection of M. Cernuschi, Paris. It has eight
Sw&stikas^on the pedestal, the ends all
turned at right angles to the right. This
specimen is shown by De Mortillet1 because
it relates to prehistoric man. The image or
statue holds a cane in the form of a “ tin tin-
nabulum,” with movable rings arranged to
make a jingling noise, and De Mortillet in-
serted it in his volume to show the likeness
of this work in Japan with a number of sim-
ilar objects found in the Swiss lake dwell-
ings in the prehistoric age_of bronze (x>. 806).

The Swastika mark was employed by the
Japanese on their porcelain. Sir Augustus
W. Franks1 2 shows one of these marks, a
small Swastika turned to the left and in-
closed in a circle (fig. 30). Fig. 9 also repre-
sents a mark on Japanese bronzes.3

KOREA.

The U. S. National Museum has a ladies’
sedan or carrying chair from Korea. It bears
eight Swastika marks, cut by stencil in the
brass-bound corners, two on each corner, one
looking each way. The Swas-
tika is normal, with arms cross-
ing at right angles, the ends bent
at right angles and to the right.

It is quite plain; the lines are all

straight, heavy, of equal thickness, and the angles all at 90
In appearance it resembles the Swastika in fig. 9.

Fig. 29.

BRONZE STATUE OF BUDDHA.

Japan.

Eight Swastikas on pedestal. Cano
tintinnabiilum with six movable
rings or bells.

One fifteenth natural size.

Fig. 30.

JAPANESE POT-
TER’S MARK ON
PORCELAIN.

De Mortillet, “ Mu-
see Prehistorique,”
fig. 1248.

degrees.

CHINA.

In the Chinese language the sign of the Swastika is pro-
nounced wan (p. 801), and stands for “many,” “a great number,” “ten
thousand,” “infinity,” and by a synecdoche is construed to mean “long

1 “Mus6e Pr6historique,” fig. 1230; Bull. Soc. d’Antfirop., Paris., 1886, pp. 299,313,
314.

2“Catalogue of Oriental Porcelain and Pottery,” pi. 11, fig. 139.

3De Morgan, “ Au Caucasc,” fig. 180.
 800

REPORT OP NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

life, a multitude of blessings, great happiness,” etc.; as is said in French,
“mille pardons,7’ u mille remerciments,77 a thousand thanks, etc. During
a visit to the Chinese legation in the city of Washington, while this paper
was in progress, the author met one of the attaches, Mr. Chung, dressed
in his robes of state; his outer garment was of moire silk. The pattern
woven in the fabric consisted of a large circle with certain marks therein,
prominent among which were two Swastikas, one turned to the right,
the other to the left. The name given to the sign was as reported above,
wan, and the signification was 11 longevity.77 a long life,77 “many years.77

<   Thus was showirthatTiirTiir ruTwell asTiear countries, in modern as

<   well as ancient times, this sign stood for blessing, good wishes, and, by
/ a slight extension, for good luck.

The author conferred with the Chinese minister, Yang Yu, with the
request that he should furnish any appropriate information concerning
the Swastika in China. In due course the author received the follow-
ing letter and accompanying notes with drawings:

*   *   * I have the pleasure to submit abstracts from historical and literary

* works on the origin of the Swastika in China and the circumstances connected with
it in Chinese ancient history. I have had this paper translated into English and
illustrated by india-ink drawings. The Chinese copy is made by Mr. Ho Yen-Shing,
the first secretary of the legation, translation by Mr. Chung, and drawings by Mr. Li.

With assurance of my high esteem, I am,

Very cordially,   Vang Yu.

Buddhist philosophers consider simple characters as half or incomplete characters
and compound characters as complete characters, while the Swastika pj-| is regarded
as a natural formation, f A Buddhist priest of the Tang Dynasty, Tao Sliih by name,
in a chapter of his work entitled Fa Yuen Clin Lin, on the original Buddha, describes
him as having this jlJJ mark on his breast and sitting on a high lily of innumerable
petals. [PI. 1.] v/

^/Empress Wu (684-704 A. D.), of the Tang Dynasty, invented a number of new forms
for characters already in existence, amongst which   was the word forjm^ (g)

for moon, for star, and so on. These characters were once very extensively
used in ornamental writing, and even now the word ((-HJ sun may be found in many

of the famous stone inscriptions of that age, which have been preserved to us up to
the present day. [PL 2.]

The history of the Tang Dynasty (620-906 A. D.), by Lni IIsu and others of the
Tsin Dyuasty, records a decree issued by Emperor Tai Tsung (763-779 A. D.) forbid-
ding the nse of the Swastika on silk fabrics manufactured for any purpose. [PI. 3.]
Fung Tse, of the Tang Dynasty, records a practice among the people of Loh-yang
to endeavor, on the 7th of the 7tli month of each year, to obtain spiders to weave
the Swastika on their web. Rung Ping-Chung, of the Sung Dynasty, says that the
people of Loh-yang believe it to be good luck to find the Swastika woven by spiders
?over fruits or melons. [PI. 4.]

Sung Pai, of the Sung Dynasty, records an offering made to the Emperor by Li
Yuen-su, a high official of the Tang Dynasty, of a buffalo with a Swastika on the
forehead, in return for which offering he was given a horse by the Emperor. [PI. 5.]
The TsMng-I-Luh, by Tao Kuh, of the Sung Dynasty, records that an Empress m
 Report of National Museum, 1 894. —Wilson.

Plate 1.

Origin of Buddha according to Tao Shih, with Swastika Sign.

From a drawing by Mr. Li, presented to the U. S. National Museum by Mr. Yang Yu, Chinese
Minister, Washington, I). C.
 
 Report of National Museum, 1894,—Wilson

Plate 2.

tlie cross part of the Swastika which represents the sun, but its bent
armsA which show the revolving motion, by which he says is evolved
the tetraskelion or what in this paper is named the “Ogee Swastika.”
The author is more in accord with Dr. Briutou and others that the
Swastika is derived from the cross and not from the wheel, that the bent
arms do not represent rotary or gyratory motion, and that it had no
association with, or relation to, the circle. This, if true, relieves the
V^wastika from all relation with the circle as a symbol of the sun.
Besides, it is not believed that the symbol of the sun is one which
required rotary or gyratory motion or was represented by it, but, as
willbe explained, in speaking of the Assyrian sun-god Shamash (p. 789),
it is rather by a circle with pointed rays extending outward.

lPAlviella1 presents several figures in support of his contention.
The first (a) is on a fibula from Etruria (fig. 190 of this paper). His
explanation is that the small circle of rays, bent at right angles, on the
broad shield of the pin, represents graphically the rotary movement of
the sun, and that the bent arms in the Swastikas on the same object
are taken from them. /Tt seems curious that so momentous a subject as
the existence of a symbol of a great god, the god of light, heat, and thus
of life, should be made to depend upon an object of so small importance.
This specimen (fig. 190) is a fibula or pin, one of the commonest objects
of Etruscan, Greek, or Roman dressTjThe decorations invoked are on
the broad end, which has been fiattened to protect the point of the
pin, where appears a semicircle of so-called rays, the two Swastikas
and two possible crosses. There is nothing about this pin, nor indeed
any of the other objects, to indicate any holyor “sacred character, nor
that any of them were used in any ceremony having relation to the sun,
to any god, or to anything holy or sacred. His fig. b is fig. 88 in this
paper. It shows a quadrant of the sphere found by Schliemann at His-
sarlik. There is a slightly indefinite circle with rays from the outside,
which are bent and crooked in many directions. The sphere is of terra
cotta; the marks that have been made on it are rough and ill formed.
They were made by incision while the clay was soft and were done in
the rudest manner. There are dozens more marks upon the same
sphere, none of which seem to have received any consideration in this
regard. There is a Swastika upon the sphere, and it is the only mark
or sign upon the entire object that seems to have been made with care
or precision. His third figure (c) is taken from areliquaire of the thir-
teenth century A. D. It has a greater resemblance to the acanthus
plant than it has to any solar disk imaginable. The other two figures
(d and c) are tetraskelions or ogee Swastikas from ancient coins.

D’Alviella’s next argument1 2 is that the triskelion, formed by the same
process as the tetraskelion,is an “incontestable” representation of solar

1   u La Migration des Symboles,” p. 69.

2   Ibid., p. 71.
 THE SWASTIKA.

787

movement. No evidence is submitted in support of this assertion, and
the investigator of the present day is required, as in prehistoric objects,
to depend entirely upon the object itself. The bent arms contain-no
innate evidence (even though they should be held to represent rotary
or gyratory motion) representing the sun or sun gods. It is respect-
fully suggested that in times of antiquity, as in modern times, the sqn
is not represented as having a rotary motion, but is rather represented
by a circle with diminishing rays projecting from the center or exterior.

It seems unjustifiable, almost ridiculous, to transform the three Hexed
human legs, first appearing on the coins of Lycia, into a sun symbol,
to make it the reliable evidence of sun worship, and give it a holy*or
sacred character as representing a god. It is surely pushing the argu-
ment too far to say that this is an “incontestable” representation of
the solar movement. The illustrations by d’Alviella on his page 71
are practically the same as figs. 224: to 220 of this paper.

Count d’Alviella’s further argument1 is that symbols of the sun godl
being frequently associated, alternated with, and sometimes replacedj
by, the Swastika, proves it to have been a suu symbol. But this is
doubted, and evidence to sustain the proposition is wanting. Undoubt-
edly the Swastika was a symbol, was intentional, had a meaning and a
degree of importance, and, while it may have been intended to repre-
sent the sun and have a higher and holier character, yet these mere
associations are not evidence of the fact.

D’Alviella's plate 2, page 80, while divided into sections a and b, is
filled only with illustrations of Swastika associated with circles, dots,
etc., introduced for the purpose of showing the association of the
Swastika therewith, and that the permutation and replacing of these
signs by the Swastika is evidence that the Swastika represented the
sun. Most of the same illustrations are presented m this paper, and it
is respectfully submitted that the evidence does not bear out his con-
clusion. If it be established that these other symbols are representa-
tives of the sun, how does that prove that the Swastika was itself a
representative of the sun or the sun god ? ITAlviella himself argues*
against the proposition of equivalence of meaning because of associ-
ation when applied to the Crux ansata, the circle, the crescent, the
triskelion, the lightning sign, and other symbolic figures. He denies
that because the Swastika is found on objects associated with these^
signs therefore they became interchangeable in meaning, or that th^/V
Swastika stood for any of them. The Count* 2 says that more likely the p,
engraver added the Swastika to these in the character of a talisman or r
phylactery. On'pagulrfnie argues irftTfe same line, LhatUecause it is
foundTnTau object of sacred character does not necessarily give it the
signification of a sacred or holy symbol. He regards the Swastika as

1<4La Migration des Symboles,” pp. 72, 75, 77.

2 Ibid., p. 61.
 788

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

a'syinbol of good fortune, and sees no reason why it may not be em-
/ployed as an invocation to a god of any name or kind-on the principle,
“Good Lord, good devil,” quoting the Neapolitan proverb, that it will
do no harm, and possibly may do good.

Prof. Max Muller 1 refers to the discovery by Prof. Percy Gardner of

/due of the coins of Mesembria, whereon the Swastika replaces the last
two syllables of the word, and he regards this as decisive that in
Greece the meaning of the Swastika was equivalent to the sun. This
word, Mesembria, being translated villa do midi, means town or city
of the south, or the sun. lie cites from Mr. Thomas’s paper on the
“Indian Swastika and its Western Counterparts”1 2 what he considers
an equally decisive discovery made some years ago, wherein it was
(shown that the wheel, the emblem of the sun in motion, was replaced
I by the Swastika on certain coins; likewise on some of the Andhra
coins and some punched gold coins noted by Sir Walter Elliott.3 In
these cases the circle or wheel alleged to symbolize the sun was re-
placed by the Swastika. The Swastika has been sometimes inscribed
within the rings or normal circles representing what is said to be the
four suns on Ujain patterns or coins (fig. 230). Other authorities have
adopted the same view, and have extended it to include the lightning,
\/the storm, the fire wheel, the sun chariot, etc. (See Ohncfalsch-Kiclitcr,
p. 790.) This appears to be a non seguitur. All these speculations may be
correct, and all these meanings may have been given to the Swastika,
( but the evidence submitted does not prove the fact. There is in the
\ case of the foregoing coins no evidence yet presented as to which sign,
1 the wheel or the Swastika, preceded and which followed in point of
( time. The Swastika may have appeared first instead of last, and may
not have been a substitution for the disk, but an original design. The
disk employed, while possibly representing the sun in some places, may
not have done so always nor in this particular case. It assumes too
much to say that every time a small circle appears on an ancient object
« it represented the sun, and the same observation can be made with
vp regard to symbols of' the other elements. Until it shall have been
^ satisfactorily established that the symbols represented these elements
with practical unanimity, and that the Swastika actually and inten-
tidmtfly replaced if"as“STTch, the theory remains undemonstrated, the
burden rests on those ivlio take the affirmative side; and until these
points shall have been settled with some degree of probability the con-
clusion is not warranted.

As an illustration of the various significations possible, one has but
to turn to Chapter iv, on the various meanings given to the cross among
American Indians, where it is shown that among these Indians the
cross represented the four winds, the sun, stars, dwellings, the dragon

1   Atlienajum, August 20, 1892, x>- 266.

2   Numismatic Chronicle, 1880, xx, pp. 18-48.

3   Madras Journ. of Lit. and Sci., ill, pi. 9.
 THE SWASTIKA.   789

fly, mide' society, flocks of birds, human form, maidenhood, evil spirit,
and divers others.

Mr. Edward Thomas, in his work entitled u The Indian Swastika and
its Western Counterparts,”1 says:

As far as I have been able to trace or connect the various manifestations of this
emblem [the Swastika], they one aiul all resolve themselves into tlie primitive^ ?
conception of solar motion, which was intuitively associated with the rolling or'-'
wlieel-like projection of the sun through tho upper or visible are of the heavens, as
understood and accepted in the crude astronomy of the ancients. The earliest phase
of astronomical science wo are at present in position to refer to, with the still extant
aid of indigenous diagrams, is the Chaldean. The representation of the sun in this
system commences with a simple ring or ontline circle, which is speedily advanced
toward the impression of onward revolving motion by the insertion of a cross or
four wlieel-like spokes within the circumference of the normal ring. As the original
Chaldean emblem of the sun was typified by a single ring, so tho Indian mind
adopted a^ similar definition, which remains to this day as the ostensible device or
cast-mark, of the modern Sauras or sun worshipers.

Tlie same remarks are made in “Ilios” (pp. 353, 354).   ^—•

The author will not presume to question, much less deny, the facts
stated by this learned gentleman, but it is to be remarked that, on tlie
theory of j)r§siimp|4oii, the circle jniglit represent many other things
than the sun, and unless flie evidence in favor of the foregoing state-
ment is susceptible of verification, the theory can hardly be accepted
as conclusive. Why should not the circle represent other things than,
the sun? In modern astronomy the full moon is represented by the!
plain circle, while the sun, at least in heraldry, is always represented
'as a circle with rays. It is believed that the u cross or four wheel!
like spokes” in the Chaldean emblem of the sun will be Tbiiml to be
rays rather that cross or spokes. A cast is in the TJ. S. National
Museum (Cat. No. 15470(1) of an original specimmi^frcim^Niffer, now in
tlie Boyal Museum, Berlin, of Shamash, the Assyrian god of the sun.

He is represented on this monument by a solar disk, 4 inches in diam-
eter, with eight rays similar to those of stars, their bases on a faint
circle at the center, and tapering outwards to a point, the whole sur-
rounded by another faint circle. This is evidence that the sun symbol
of Assyria required rays as well as a circle. A similar representation
of the sun god is found on a tablet discovered in the temple of the
Sun God at Abu-Habba.* 2 *

Perrot and Chipiez3 show a tablet from Sippara, of a. king, Nabu-
abal-iddin, 900 B. C., doing homage to the sun god (identified by the ,
inscription), who is represented by bas-relief of a small circle in tlieK
center, with rays and lightning zigzags extending to an outer circle.

In view of these authorities and others which might be cited, it is

'London, 1880.

2Rawlinson, “Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia/’ v, pi. 00; Trans. Soo.
Biblical Archaeology, vm, p. 165.

3   “History of Art in Chaldea and Assyria,” i, p. 200, fig. 71.
 790

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.



questionable whether the plain circle was continuously a representation
of the sun in the Chaldean or Assyrian astronomy. It is also doubtful
whether, if the circle did represent the sun, the insertion of the cross
or the four wlieel-like spokes necessarily gave the impression of “ onward
revolving motion ; ” or whether any or all of the foregoing afford a
satisfactory basis for the origin of the Swastika or for its relation to,
or representation of, the sun or the sun god.

Hr. Max Ohnefalsch-Richter1 announces as his opinion that the
Swastika in Cyprus had nearly always a signification more or less
religious and sacred, though it may have been used as an ornament to
fill empty spaces. He attributes to the Croix sicasticale—or, as he calls
it, Croix cantonnee—the equivalence of the solar disk, zigzag lightning,
and double hatchet; while to the Swastika proper he attributes the
signification of rain, storm, lightning, sun, light, seasons, and also that
it lends itself easily to the solar disk, the fire wheel, and the sun chariot.

Greg1 2 says:

Considered finally, it may be asked if the fylfot or gammadion was an early sym-
bol of the sun, or, if only an emblem of the solar re.volutious or m ovements across
tlio heavens, why it was drawn square rather thau curved: The even if used in
a solar sense, must have implied something more tfian, or something distinct from,
\(j the sun, whoso proper and almost universal symbol was the circle. It was evidently
more connected with the cross —|— than with the circle or solar disk.

Hr. Brinton3 considers the Swastika as derived from the cross
rather than from the circle, and the author agrees that this is probable,
although it may be impossible of demonstration either way.

Several authors, among the rest d’Alviella, Greg, and Thomas, have
announced the theory of the evolution of the Swastika, beginning
with the triskelion, thence to the tetraskelion, and so to the Swastika.
A slight examination is sufficient to overturn this hypothesis. In the
first place, the triskelion, which is the foundation of this hypothesis,
made itsjirst appearance~bii the coins of Lycia. But this appearance
was within whatis called like first period of coinage, to wit, between
700 and 4S0 B. 0., and it did not become settled until the second, and
even the tlurcT period, 280 to 240 B. O., when it migrated to Sicily.
But the Swastika had already appeared in Armenia, on the hill of
Hissarlik, in the terrainares of northern Jtaly, and on the hut-urns of
southern Italy many hundred, possibly a thousand or more, years prior
to that time. Count d’Alviella, in his plate 3 (see Chart I, p. 794),
assigns it to a period of the fourteenth or thirteenth century B. C., with
an unknown and indefinite past behind it. It is impossible that a sym-
bol which first appeared in 480 B. C. could have been the ancestor of
one which appeared in 1400 or 1300 B. C., nearly a thousand years before.

1   Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop., Paris, 1888, pp. 674,675.

2   Arcbuvologia, xlviU, pt. 2, p. 326.

3Proe. Amer. Pliilosopli. Soc., 1889, xxix, p. 180.
 THE SWASTIKA.

775

General Cunningham1 acids his assertion of the Swastika being the
symbol used by the Buddhist sect of that name. He says in a note:

The founder of this sect flourished about the year 604 to 523 B. C., and that the mystic
cross is a symbol formed by the combination of the two Sanskrit syllables su and ti-suti.

Waring2 proceeds to demolish these statements of a sect named
Swastika as pure inventions, and “ consulting Professor Wilson’s inval-
uable work on the Hindoo religious sects in the ‘Asiatic Researches,’
we find no^account of any sect named Swastika.”

Mr. Y. R. Gandhi, a learned legal gentleman of Bombay, a repre-
sentative of the Jain sect of Buddhists to the World’s Parliament of
Religions at Chicago, 1893, denies that there is in either India or Tibet
a sect of Buddhists named “Swastika.” He suggests that these gen-
tlemen probably mean the sects of Jains (of which Mr. Gandhi is a
member), because this sect uses the Swastika as a sign of benediction
and blessing. This will be treated further on. (See p. 804.)

Zmigrodzki, commenting on the frequencyjof the Swastika on tlie7
objects found by Dr. Schliemann(a^Hissarlik,\gives it as his opinion3]'
that these representations of the Swastika have relation to a human
cult indicating a supreme being filled with goodness toward man. ~~Th
siin^ stars, etc., indicate him as a god of light." This, in connection
with the idol of Venus, with its triangular shield engraved with a
Swastika (fig. 125), and the growing trees and palms, with their increas-
ing and multiplying branches and leaves, represent to him the idea of
fecundity, multiplication, increase, and hence the god of life as well as
of light. The Swastika sign on funeral vases indicates to him a belief
in a divine spirit in man which lives after death, and lienee lie con-
cludes that the people of Ilissarlik, in the “Burnt City” (theThird of*
Schliemann), adored a supreme being, the god of light and of life, and
believed in the immortality of the soul.

R. P. Greg says :4

Originally it [the Swastika] would appear to have been au early Aryan atmos-
pkeric device or symbol indicative of both rain and lightning, phenomena appertain-
ing to "the god Indra, subsequently or collaterally developing, possibly, into the
Suastika, or sacred lire churn in India, and at a still later period in Greece, adopted
rather as a solar symbol, or converted about B. C. 650 into the meander or key
pattern.

Waring, while he testifies to the extension of the Swastika both in
time and area, says:5

But neither in the hideous jumble of Pantheism—the wild speculative thought,
mystic fables, and perverted philosophy of life among the Buddhists—nor in the
equally wild and false theosophy of the Brahmins, to whom this symbol, as distinc-

^‘Bilsa Topps,” p. 17.

2“ Ceramic Art in Remote Ages/’ p. 12.

3Tenth Congress International d’Antliropologie et d’Arclneologie Prehistoriques,
Paris, 1889, p. 474.

4 Arclneologia, xlvii, pt. 1, p. 159.

6 “ Ceramic Art in Remote Ages,” p. 11.
 776

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

tive of the Vishnavas, sectarian devotees of Vishnu, is ascribed by Moor in his
“Indian Pantheon,” nor yet in the tenets of the Jains,1 do we find any decisive
explanation of the meaning attached to this symbol, although its allegorical inten-
tion is indnbitable.

lie mentions the Swastika of the Buddhists, the cross, the circle,
their combination, the three-foot Y and adds: ‘‘They exhibit forms of
those olden and widely spread pagan symbols of Deity and sanctity,
eternal life and blessing.”

Professor Sayee says:58   tf •

The Cyprian vase figured in Di Cesnola’s “Cyprus,” pi. xlv, fig. 36 [see fig. 156],
which associates the Swastika with the figure of an animal, is a striking analogue
of the Trojan whorls on which it is associated with the figures of stags. The fact that
it is drawn within the vulva of the leaden image of the Asiatic goddess [see fig. 125]
seems to show that it was a symbol of generation. I believe that it is identical
with the Cyprian character Jjf or l|l (ne), which has the form )jn in the inscription
of Golgi, .and also with the 1 littite |^j or ||| which Dr. Hyde Clarke once suggested
to me was intended to represent the organs of generation.

Mr. Waller, in Ills work entitled “Monumental Crosses,” describes
the Swastika as having been known in India as a sacred symbol many
centuries before our Lord, and used as the distinguishing badge of a
religious sect calling themselves “Followers of the Mystic Cross.”
Subsequently, he says, it was adopted by (he followers of Buddha
valid was still later used by Christians at a very early period, being
y? first introduced on Christian monuments in the sixth century. But
Mr. Waring says that in this he is not correct, as it was found in some
of the early paintings in the Roman catacombs, particularly on the
habit of a Fossor, or gravedigger, given by D’Agineourt.

Pugin, in his “Glossary of Ornament,” under the title “Fylfot,” says
that in Tibet the Swastika was used as a representation of God cruci-
fied for the human race, citing as his authority F. Augustini Antonii
Georgii.3 lie remarks:

From these accounts it would appear that tins fylfot is a mystical ornament, not
only adopted among Christians from primitive times, but used, as if prophetically,
for centuries before tlio coming of our Lord. To descend to later times, we find it
constantly introduced in ecclesiastical vestments, *   *   * till the end of the fif-

teenth century, a period marked by great departure from traditional symbolism.

Its use was continued in Tibet into modern times, though its meaning
is not given.4 (See p. 8013.)

The Lev. G. Cox, in his “Aryan Mythology,” says:

We recognize the male and the female symbol in the trident of Poseidon, and in
J   the fylfot or hammer of Thor, which assumes the form of a eross-pattoe in the vari-

• ous legends which turn on the rings of Frey a, llolda, Venus, or Aphrodite.

'See explanation of the Swastika by Mr. Gandhi according to tl^e Jain tenets,
p. 804.

2“Ilios,” p. 353.

3“Alphabetum Tibetarium,” Rome, 1762, pp. 211, 460, 725.

4Rockhill, “ Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet,” Smithsonian Insti-
tution, Washington, 1894, p. 67.
 THE SWASTIKA.

777

Here again we find the fylfot and cross-pattee spoken of as the same
symbol, and as being emblematic of the reproductive principles, in
which view of its meaning Dr. Inman, in his “ Ancient Faiths
Embodied in Ancient Barnes,” concurs.

Burnouf1 recounts the myth of Agni (from which comes, through
tlie Latin ignis, the English word igneous), the god of Sacred Fire, as
told in the Yeda:1 2

Tlie young queen, the mother of Fire, carried the royal infant mysteriously con-
cealed inTier bosom. She was a woman of the people, whose common name was
“Arani”—that is, the instrument of wood (the Swastika) from which lire was made
orTSfougiit by rubbing. *   *   * The origin of the sign [Swastika] is now easy to

recognize. It represents tlie two pieces of wood which compose I'arani, of which
the extremities were bent to be retained by the four nails. At the junction of the
two pieces of wood was a fossette or cup-like hole, and there they placed a piece of
wood upright, in form of a lance (the Pramantha), violent rotation of which, bv
whipping (after the fashion of top-whipping), producecflire, as did Prometheus, the
jforteur dvTfeu, in Greece.

And this myth was made, as have been others, probably by the
priests and poets of succeeding times, to do duty for different philoso-
phies. The Swastika was made to represent Arani (the female prinO
ciple); the Pramantha or upright fire stake representing Agni, the fire C
god (the male); and so the myth served its part to account for the birtlpd
of fire. Burnouf hints that the myth grew out of the production of£
holy fire for the sacred altars by the use of the Pramantha and Swas-T
tika, after the manner of savages in all times. Zinigrodzki accepts
this myth, and claims all specimens with dots or points—supposed nail
holes—as Swastikas.

The Count Goblet d’Alviella3 argues in opposition to the theory
announced by Burnouf and by Zinigrodzki, that the Swastika or croix
swasticale, when presenting dots or points, had relation to fire making.
He denies that the points represent nails,'or that nails were made or
necessary either for the Swastika or the Arani, and concludes that
there is no evidence to support tlie theory, and nothing to show the
Swastika to have been used as a fire-making apparatus, whether with
or without the dots or points.

Mr. Greg4 opposes this entire theory, saying:

The difficulty about tlie Swastika and its supposed connection with fire appears j
to me to lie in not knowing precisely wliat the old fire drill and cliark were like. (
*   *   * I much doubt whether the Swastika had originally any connection either f

with the fire-chark or with the sun. *   *   * The best authorities consider Mur- )

uouf is in error as to the earlier use of the two lower cross pieces of wood aud the four
nails said to have been used to fix or steady the framework.

He quotes from Tylor’s description5 of the old fire drill used in India

1   “Des Sciences et Religion/’ pp. 252, 257.

2   Vol. xi.

3“ La Migration des Symboles,” pp. 61-63.

4 Arclueologia, xlviii, pt. 2, pp. 322, 323.

"“Early History of Mankind,” p. 257, note C,
 778

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

for kindling tlie sacrificial fire by tlie process called 44 churning,” as it
resembles that in India by which butter is separated from milk. It
consists in drilling one piece of Arani wood by pulling a cord with
one hand while the other is slackened, and so, alternately (the strap
drill), till the wood takes fire. Mr. Greg states that the Eskimos use
similar means, and the ancient Greeks used the drill and cord, and he
adds his conclusions: 44 There is nothing of the Swastika and four nails
in connection with the fire-churn.”

Burton1 also criticises Burnouf’s theory:

If used on sacrificial altars to reproduce tlio lioly lire, tlie practice is peculiar and
not derived from everyday life; for as early as Pliny they knew that the savages
used two, and never three, fire sticks.

Burnouf continues his discussion of myths concerning tlie origin of
fire:

According to Ilymnes, the discoverer of fire was Atliaran, whose name signifies
lire, hut Bhrigon it was who made the sacred fire, producing resplendent llaines on
the earthen altar. In theory of physics, Agni, who Avas the lire residing Avithin the
11 onction,” (?) came from the milk of the coav, Avliick, in its turn, came iroin the
plants that had nourished her; and these plants in their turn grew by receiving and
appropriating the heat or lire of the sun. Therefore, the Arirtue of the “onction”
came from the god.

Olio of tlio Vedas says of Agni, the god of fire:1 2 3

Agni, thou art a sage, a priest, a king,

Protector, father of the sacrifice;

Commissioned by our men thou dost ascend
A messenger, eonveying to the sky
Our hymns and offerings, though thy origin
Re three fold, now from air and now from Avater,
Noav from the mystic double Arani*

Count Goblet d’Alviella combats tlie hypothesis of Burnouf that the
Swastika when turned to right or left, passed, the one for the male and
the other for the female principle, and declares, on the authority of Sir
Georire Bird wood, that it is, in modern India, a popular custom to name

which appear in couples as having different sexes, so that to say

“the male Swastika” and the 44female Swastika.” indicating them by
the pronouns “he” or 44she,” would be expressed in the same manner
when speaking of the hammer and the anvil or of any other objects
used in pairs.4

Ludwig Muller, in his elaborate treatise, gives it as his opinion that the
( Swastika had no connection with the Tau cross or with the Crux ansata,
or with the fire wheel, or with arani, or agni, or with the mystic or alpha-
betic letters, nor with the so-called spokes of the solar wheel, nor the
forked lightning, nor the hammer of Thor, lie considers that the tris-

v

1   “ The Book of the Sword/’ p. 202, note 2.

2   Burnouf, “Des Sciences et Religion,” p. 18.

3The tAvo pieces of wood of Ficus religiosa, used for kindling fire.

4“La Migration des Symboles, ” p. 63.
 THE SWASTIKA.

779

kelion might throw light on its origin, as indicating perpetual whirling
or circular movement, which, in certain parts of southern Asia as the
emblem of Zeus, was assimilated to that of Baal, an inference which he
draws from certain Asiatic coins of 400 B. 0.

Mr. R. P. Greg1 opposes this theory and expresses the opinion that
the Swastika is far older and wider spread as a symbol than the tris-
kelion, as well as being a more purely Aryan symbol. Greg says that
Ludwig M filler attaches quite too muchTmportancc to the sun in con-
nection with the early Aryans, and lays too great stress upon the sup-
posed relation of the Swastika as a solar symbol. The Aryans, he says,
were a race not given to sun worship; and, while he may agree with |
Miiller that the Swastika is an emblem of Zeus and Jupiter merely as|
the Supreme God, yet he believes that the origin of the Swastika had''
no reference to a movement of the sun through the heavens; and he
prefers his own theory that it was a device suggested by the forked
lightning as the chief weapon of the air god.

Mr. Greg’s paper is of great elaboration, and highly complicated.(susd
lie devotes an entire page or plate (21) to a chart showing the older
Aryan fire, water, and sun gods, according to the Brahmin or Buddhist
system. The earliest was Dyaus, tlie bright sky or the air god; Adyti,
the infinite expanse, mother of bright gods; Varuna, the covering of
the shining firmament. Out of this trinity came another, Zeus, being
the descendant of Dyaus, the sky god; Agni, the fire; Sulya, the sun,
and Indra, the rain god. These in their turn formed the great Hindu
trinity, Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva—creator, preserver, and destroyer;
and, in his opinion, the. Swastika was the symbol or ordinary device of
Indra as well as of Zeus. He continues his table of descent from these
gods, with their accompanying devices, to the sun, lightning, fire, and
water, and makes almost a complete scheme of the mythology of that
period, into which it is not possible to follow him. However, he declines
to accept the theory of Max Miiller of any difference of form or mean-
ing between the Suavastika and the Swastika because the ends or
arms turned to the right or to the left, and he thinks the two symbols to
be substantially the same. He considers it to have been, in the first

instance, exclusively of early Aryan origin and use, and that down to

about COO B. 0. it was the emblem or symbol of the supreme Aryan
gQil; that it so continued down through the various steps of descent
(according to the chart mentioned) imtil-it-hecame-the device nod sym-
bol of Brahipa, and finally of Buddha. He thinks that it may have
been the origin of the Greek fret or meander pattern. Later still it;>
was adopted even by the~eariy Uiinstians as a suitable variety of theiiy
cross, and became variously modified in form and was used as a charm.\
D’Alviella1 2 expresses his doubts concerning the theory advanced by

Greg3 to the effect that the Swastika is to be interpreted as a symbol

1   Archifiologia, xliii, pt. 2, pp. 324, 325.

2   “La Migration ties Symboles,” p. 64.

3   “Fylfot and Swastika,” Arclnoologia, 1885, p. 293.
 780

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

Should we discredit it because of a 10 year German Nazi period in 12-20.000 year of its history?

see also http://www.ancient-origins.net/searchall/swastika


---------------------------------------------------------



THE SWASTIKA,  THE EARLIEST KNOWN SYMBOL, by Wilson, Thomas, 1832-1902;

AND ITS MIGRATIONS; WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE
MIGRATION OP PERTAIN INDUSTRIES IN PREHISTORIC TIMES.



Curator, Department of Prehistoric Anthropology, IT. S. National Museum.

https://archive.org/details/theswastika00wilsuoft

see also

https://archive.org/details/onmeaningandori00londgoog
On the Meaning and Origin of the Fylfot and Swastika.
by Robert Philips Greg , Society of Antiquaries of London 1884


and

Amulets and superstitions : the original texts with translations and descriptions of a long series of Egyptian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Hebrew, Christian, Gnostic and Muslim amulets and talismans and magical figures, with chapters on the evil eye, the origin of the amulet, the pentagon, the swastika, the cross (pagan and Christian), the properties of stones, rings, divination, numbers, the Kabbâlâh, ancient astrology, etc., bySir E. A. Wallis Budge ... 1930
by Budge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir, 1857-1934.
https://archive.org/details/b29978154










PREFACE.

An English gentleman, versed in prehistoric arclueology, visited me
in the summer of 1894, and during our conversation asked if wc had
the Swastika in America. I answered, “ Yes,” and showed him two . >
or three specimens of it. He demanded if we had any literature on the
subject. I cited him De Mortillet, I)e Morgan, and Zmigrodzki, and
he said, “ Xo, I mean English or American.” I began a search which
proved almost futile, as even the word Swastika did not appear in such
works as Worcester’s or Webster’s dictionaries, the Encyclopedic Dic-
tionary, the Encyclopedia Britannica, Johnson’s Universal Cyclo-
pedia, the People’s Cyclopedia, nor Smith’s Dictionary of Greek and
Roman Antiquities, his Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,
or his Classical Dictionary. I also -searched, with the same results,
Mollett’s Dictionary of Art and Archeology, Fairholt’s Dictionary of
Terms in Art, “L’Art Gothique,” by Gonza, Perrot and Chipiez’s exten-
sive histories of Art in Egypt, in Chaldea and Assyria, and in Phe-
nicia; also “The Cross, Ancient and Modern,” by W. W. Blake, “The
History of the Cross,” by John Ashton; and a reprint of a Dutch work
by Wildener. In the American Encyclopedia the description is errone-
ous, while all the Century Dictionary says is, “ Same as fylfot,” and
“ Compare Crux Ansata and Gammadion.” I thereupon concluded that
this would be a good subject for presentation to the Smithsonian Insti-
tution for “diffusion of knowledge among men.”

The principal object of this paper has been to gather and put in a
compact form such information as is obtainable concerning the Swas-
tika, leaving to others the task of adjustment of these facts and their

763
 764

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

arrangement into an harmonious theory. The only conclusion sought
[to be deduced from the facts stated is as to the possible migration in
v prehistoric times of the Swastika and similar objects.

No conclusion is attempted as to the time or place of origin, or the
primitive meaning of the Swastika, because these are considered to be
lost in antiquity. The straight line, the circle, the cross, the triangle,
are simple forms, easily made, and might have been invented and
re-invented in every age of primitive man and in every quarter of the
globe, each time being an independent invention, meaning much or
little, meaning different, things among different peoples or at different
times among the jsfifne people; or they may have had no settled or
definite meaning./ But the Swastika wasjprobably the first to be madel
with a definite inWrtion and a continuous or consecutive meaning, the\
^knowledge of which passed from person to person, from tribe to tribe, \
j from people to people, and from nation to nation, until, with possibly^.
^changed meanings, it has finally circled the globe.

There are many disputable questions broached intliis paper. The
uthor is aware of the differences of opinion thereon among learned
men, and he has not attempted to dispose of these questions in the
few sentences employed in their announcement. He has been con-
servative and has sought to.avoid dogmatic decisions of controverted
questions. The antiquity of man, the locality of his origin, the time
of his dispersion and the course of his migration, the origin of bronze
and the course of its migration, all of which may be more or less
^/involved in a discussion of the Swastika, are questions not to be
settled by the dogmatic assertions of any individual.

Much of the information in this paper is original, and relates to pre-
historic more than to modern times, and extends to nearly all the coun-
tries of the globe. It is evident that the author must depend on other
discoverers; therefore, all books, travels, writers, and students have
been laid under contribution without scruple. Due acknowledgment
is hereby made for all quotations of text or figures wherever they occur.

Quotations have been freely made, instead of sifting the evidence and
(giving the substance. The justification is that there has never been
any sufficient marshaling of the evidence on the subject, and that the
former deductions have been inconclusive; therefore, quotations of
authors are given in their own words, to the end that the philosophers
who propose to deal with the origin, meaning, and cause of migration of
_ilie Swastika will have all the evidence before them.

Assumptions may appear as to antiquity, origin, and migration of
the Swastika, but it is explained that many times these only reflect
the opinion of-the writers who are quoted, or are put forth as working
hypotheses.

The indulgence of the reader is asked, and it is hoped that he will
endeavor to harmonize conflicting statements upon these disputed [
questions rather than antagonize them.
 THE SWASTIKA.

765

I.—Definitions, Description, and Origin.

DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE CROSS.

The simple cross made with two sticks or marks belongs to prehistoric
times. Its first appearance among men is lost in antiquity. One may
theorize as to its origin, but there is no historical identification of it
either in epoch or by country or xieople, The sign is itself so simple that
it might have originated among any people, however primitive, and in
any age, however remote. The meaning given to the earliest cross is
equally unknown. Everything concerning its beginning is in the realm
of speculation/' But a-differentiation grew up in early times among
nations by which certain forms of the cross have been known under cer-
tain names and with specific significations. Some of these, such as the
Maltese cross, are historic and can be well identified.

The principal forms of the cross, known as symbols or ornaments, can
be reduced to a few classes, though when combined with heraldry its use
extends to 385 varieties.1

It is not the purpose of this paper to give a history of the cross, but
the x>rincipal forms are shown by way of introduction to a study of -the..
A Swastika.

Ij The Latin cross, Crux immissa, (fig. 1) is found on coins, medals, and
5 ornaments anterior to the Christian era. It was on this cross that^
•f Christ is said to have been crucified, and thus it became accepted as
J the Christian cross.

[ The Greek cross (fig. 2) with arms of equal length crossing at rigbtj
j angles, is found on Assyrian and Persian monuments and tablets,!

, Greek coins and statues.   ^

The St. Andrew’s cross, Crux decussata, (fig. 3) is the same as the
Greek cross, but turned to stand on two legs.

Fig. 1.

latin cross (Crux irnmixsa).

GREEK CROSS.

Fig. 3.

ST. ANDREW’S CROSS (CfUX deCUSSCbtOL.)

1 William Berry, Encyclopaedia Heraldica, 1828-1840.
 766

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

The Crux ansata (fig. 4) according to Egyptian mythology, was
Ankh, the emblem of Ka, the spiritual double of man. It was also said
to indicate a union of Osiris and Isis, and was regarded as a symbol of
the generative principle of nature.

The Tau cross (fig. 5), so called from its resemblance to the Greek
letter of that name, is of uncertain, though ancient, origin-
In Scandinavian mythology it passed under the name
of u Thor’s hammer,” being therein confounded with the
Swastika. It was also called St. Anthony’s cross for the
Egyptian hermit of that name, and was always colored
blue. Clarkson says this mark was received by the Mitli-
raeists on their foreheads at the time of their initiation.
0. W. King, in his work entitled uEarly Christian Nuinis-
Fig.4. matics” (p. 214), expresses the opinion that the Tau cross
Egyptian cross was placed on the foreheads of men who cry after aboini-
(Cmx ansata). natj011s> (Ezekiel ix, 4.) It is spoken of as a phallic
emblem.

Another variety of the cross appeared about the second century,
composed of a union of the St. Andrew’s cross and the letter P (fig. 6),
being the first two letters of the Greek word XPT2T02 (Christus).
This, with another variety containing all the foregoing letters, passed
as the monogram of Christ (fig. 6).

As an instrument of execution, the cross, besides being the inter-
section of two beams with four projecting arms, was frequently of
compound forms as Y> on which the convicted person was fastened by
the feet and hung head downward. Another form | |, whereon he was

Fig. 5.

TAU CROSS, THOR’S HAMMER,
OR ST. ANTHONY’S CROSS.

MONOGRAM OF CHRIST.

Labaruin of Coustautine.

fastened by one foot and one hand at each upper corner; still another
form rp, whereon his body was suspended on the central ux>right with
his arms outstretched upon the cross beams.

Fig. 7 represents the sign of the military order of the Knights of
Malta. It is of medieval origin.

Fig. 8 (a and b) represents two styles of Celtic crosses. These belong
chiefly to Ireland and Scotland, are usually of stone, and frequently
set up at marked places on the road side.
 I-

THE SWASTIKA.

767

CELTIC CROSSES.

Higgins, in bis “Anacalypsis,” a rare and costly work, almost an ency-
clopedia of knowledge,1 says, concerning the origin of the cross, that
the official name of the governor of Tibet, Lama, comes from the ancient
Tibetan word for the cross. The original spelling was L-a-m-li. This
is cited with approval in Davenport’s
“Aphrodisiacs” (p. 13).

Of the many forms of the crossjl
the Swastika, is the most ancientJ
Despite the theories and speculations
of students, its origin is unknown. It
began before history, and is properly
classed as prehistoric. Its descrip-
tion is as follows: The bars of tlicT
normal Swastika (frontispiece and
fig. 0) are straight, of equal thickness
throughout, and cross each other at
right angles, making four arms of equal size, length, and style. TlieirL
peculiarity is that all the ends are bent at right angles and in the samef?

direction, right or left. Prof. Max
Muller makes the symbol different
according as the arms are bent to the
right or to the left. That bent to the
right he denominates the true Swas-
tika, that bent to the left he calls
Suavastika (fig. 10), but he gives no
authority for the state-
ment, and the author has
been unnble to find, ex-
cept in Burnouf, any justification for a difference of names.

Professor Goodyear gives the title of uMeander” to that
form of Swastika which bends~two or more times (fig. 11).
r The Swastika is sometimes represented with dots or
points in the corners of the intersections (fig. 12a), and occasionally
the same when without bent ends (fig. 12fr), to which Zmigrodzki gives



Fig. 9.

NORMAL SWASTIKA.

Fig. 10.

SUAVASTIKA.

1

EJ

f* Fig. 11.

m

SWASTIKA.

Meander.

LE

n

L

1.

I v/

b

Fig.12.

CROIX SWASTICALE (ZMIORODZKI).

the name of Croix Sicasticale. Some Swastikas have three dots placed
equidistant around each of the four ends (fig. 12c).

1 Higgins, “Anacalypsis,” London, 1836, i,p. 230.
 768

RErORT OP N.



There are several varieties possibly related to the Swastika which havq
been found in almost every part of toe globe, and though the relation
may appear slight, and at first sight difficult to trace, yet it will
appear more or less intimate as the examination is pursued through
its ramifications/iYs this paper is an investigation into and report
upon facts rather than conclusions to be drawn from them, it is deemed
wise to give those forms bearing even possible relations to the Swas-
tika. Certain of them have been accepted by the author as related
to the Swastika, while others have been rejected 5 but this rejection

Fig. 13a.

OGEE AND rriRAL SWASTIKAS.

Tetraskolion (four-armed). *

Fig. 13b.

SPIRAL AND VOLUTE.
Triskelion (throe armed).

Fig.

SPIRAL AN

13c.

D VOLUTE.

(Five or many armed.)

Fig. 13d.

OGEE SWASTIKA, WITH
CIRCLE.

PECULIAR FORMS OF SWASTIKA.

has been confined to cases where the known facts seemed to justify
another origin for the symbol. Speculation has been avoided.

NAMES AND DEFINITIONS OF THE SWASTIKA.

The Swastika has been called by different names in different coun-
tries, though nearly all countries have in later years accepted the ancient
Sanskrit name of Swastika: and this name is recommended as the most
deHiiite"and certain, being now the most general and, indeed, almost
universal. It was formerly spelled s-v-a-s-t-i-c-a and s-n-a-s-t-i-k-a, but
pie later spelling, both English and French, is s-w-a-s-t-i-k-a. The
definition and etymology of the word is thus given in Littre’s French
Dictionary:

.. SvastiTca, or Swastika, a mystic figure used by several (East) Indian sects. It was
/ equally well known to the Brahmins as to tlie Buddhists. Most of the rock
\ inscriptions in the Buddhist caverns in the west of India aro preceded or followed by
J the holy (sacramcntelle) sign of the Swastika. (Eug. Burnouf, “Lo Lotus de la bonne
j loi.” Paris, 1852, p. 625.; It was seen on the vases and pottery of Rhodes (Cyprus)
/ and Etruria. (F. Delaunay, Jour. Off., Nov. 18,1873, p. 7024, 3d Col.)

Etymology: A Sanskrit word signifying happiness, pleasure, good luck. It is com-
posed of Su (equivalent of Greek ev), “good,” and asti, “being,” “good being,” with
\ the suffix lea (Greek ua, Latin co).
 THE SWASTIKA.   7f>9

In the “Revue d’Ethnographie” (iv, 18S5, p. 820), Mr. Dumoutier
gives the following analysis of the Sanskrit swastika:

Su, radical, signifying good, well, excellent, or snvidas, prosperity.

Asti, third person, singular, indicative present of the verb as, to bo, which is sum
in Latin.

Ka, suffix forming the substantive.

Professor Whitney in the Century Dictionary says, Swastika—[San-
skrit, lit., “of good fortune.” Svasti (Su. well, -f asti, being), welfare.]
Same as fylfot. Compare Crux ansata and gamma (lion.

In “Ilios” (p. 317), Max Muller says:

Ethnologically, srastika is derived from svasti, and svasti from su, “well,” and as,
“to be.” Svasti occurs frequently in the Veda, both as a noun in a sense of happiness,
and as an adverb in the sense of “well” or “hail!” It corresponds to the Grech
evedrai. The derivation Svasti-ka is of later date, and it always means an auspicious
sign, such as are found most frequently among lluddliists and Jainas.

M. Eugene B.urnouf1 defines the mark Swastika as follows:

A monogrammatic sign of four branches, of which the ends are curved at right
angles, the name signifying, literally, the sign of benediction or good augury.

The foregoing explanations relate only to the present accepted name
“Swastika.” The sign Swastika must have existed long before the
name was given to it. It must have been in existence long before the
Buddhist religion or the Sanskrit language.

In Great Britain the common name given to the Swastika from Anglo-
Saxon times by those who apparently had no knowledge Avhcneeit came,
or that it came from any other than their own country, was Fylfot, said
to have been derived from the Anglo-Saxon fower fot, meaning four- ,
footed, or many-footed.1 2

George Waring, in his work entitled “Ceramic Art in Remote Ages”
(p.'tO), says:

The word [Fylfot] is Scandinavian and is eompounue_ of Old Norsefuil, equivalent
to the Anglo-Saxon fela, German riel, many, and foir, foot, the many-footed figure.
*   *   * It is desirable to have some settled name by which to describe it • we will

take the simplest and most descriptive, the “Fylfot.”

He thus transgresses one of the oldest and soundest rules of scien-
tific nomenclature, and ignores the fact that the name Swastika has been
employed for this sign in the Sanskrit language (the etymology of the
word naturally gave it the name Svastika, sv—good or well, asti—to
be or being, or it is) and that two tlfonsand and more years of use in
Asia and Europe had sanctioned and sanctified that as its name. The
use of Fylfot is confined to comparatively few persons in Great Britain

1   “Des Sciences et Religion,” p. 256.

2R. P. Greg, “The Fylfot and Swastika,” Archieologia, xlviii, part 2,1885, p. 298;
Goblet d’Alviella, “Migration des Symboles,” p.50.

II. Mis. 90, pt. 2----49
 770

RErORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1894.

Saviours born on a journey -   -   308

Saviours, Doctor Inman on   -   302

Saviours, List of   -   -   307,   310

Saviours of Mankind very num-
erous, Sun Gods - 301-302
Saviours, their own fathers and
suckled by wives   136, 163

Saxons' day names, Babylonian,
at first   -   -   -   -105

Saxons substituted Native Gods 105
Sayce -   -   -   7. *34. 198

Sayce, no future life in Old Testa -

ment -   143

Sayce's Criticisms of Old Testa-
ment   •   -   -   - 141

Saycc's Higher Criticism -   -   156

Schliemann, Phalli below Troy - 29
Science advances too slowly for
impatience   of   the   people

1-2, 20

Science and Religion conflict,

Draper and White -   - 181

Science cannot claim miraculous
origin ....   6

Science is the ** Art of being
kind" 14 So many Gods so
many Creeds" -   355

Science of Religion—Max Muller 129
Scientific position   -   -   -   335

Scoldings of Prophets, active force

of religion   -   -   13, 19

Scotch despisal of women -   -   275

Scotland austere, yet illegitimacy

high...........................46

Scotland, Babylonian symbolism
in   121-122,   249

Scotland, Church of, Creed 341-342
Scotland divided between Sabbath
(Babylonia) and Lord's Day
(Catholic) for name of Holy
Day ----- 106
Scotland, Phallic Pillars in -   -   57

Scorpion destroying Fertility - 126
Scythians or Skuthians destroy
Babylon, plunder Egypt - 194
Search the Scriptures -   -   13

Seb and Nut -   72-73

Second Advent -   279

Secret sin leading to curse of
child-birth and labour -   -   22

Sects, Hindu   -   -   -   - 34

Sects, Right and Left handed 36, 68
Selene, or the Moon chaste, Diana
(Seen naked lucky but veiled
by glass no luck) *   *   87

Self-esteem of Hebrews -   -   235

Self mutilation of devotees 185-186
Sellons' Abbe Dubois, India, Phal -

0 «c ...........................37

Semiramis -   -   -   70,   163

Septuagint -   148

Septuagint in 230   a.d.   A   re-
cension of recensions -   4 149

Sequence of events in universe -   1

Serapean Library, forty-two thou -
sand MSS.   -   -   -   148

Serapean Library, Ptolemy   - 148

Serapis -   -   -   no,   126,   214

Serpent as passion -   52, 61, 86

Serpent and disease -   230 et seq.

Serpent curse futile   -   -   -   177

Serpent in Eden, the Phallus 22,

177. 239

Serpent in Lingam-Yoni Altar -   52

Serpent is love and life   -   - 17

Serpent, passion, sexual fire 17-18
Serpent replaced by Skull -   - 234

Serpent, Sun, and Lingam Yoni - 112
Serpent, symbol, horror and fear- 230
Serpent, symbol of Wisdom -   52-53

Serpent symbol refers to disease - 230
Serpent symbol transferred from
Phallus to Sun   -   -   -   112

Serpent worship in Ireland - 96
Serpent worship, Phallic -   - 17

Seth, Adam's first born - 189, 288
Seventy elders sent with Hebrew
MSS.   -   *   -   -   148

Seventy-two translators, Septua-
gint ........................148

Sex difference between Hebrew
and Babylonian Creation
stories -   192-195

Sex in Religion—Mrs. Gamble - 32
Sex inherent in matter -   - 188

Sex influence   -   -   -   -   188

Sex instinct and crime coupled - 235
Sex worship, Caves of Elephanta 32
Sexes (two) required for Creation

3, 24, 172-173* 2°3
Sexes (both)   -   -   -   -   24

Sexual Act is sacrifice -   -   -88

Sexual Act no crime—natural - 235
Sexual intercourse, cause of all evil

184. 185

Sexual plague -   232

Shame, Shameful tiling -   17, 221

Shame at nakedness -   -   -   22

Shameful thing, Bosheth - 220-221
Shang -ti as God in China -   -   99

Shechinah, or Eduth, or Yahweh
Fig. 117   -   -   -   246,   254

Shelah -na -Gig in Ireland -   -   97

Ship, Nave, Schiff in Church 162,

4*18, *59

Shor -ha -Shamim, Hole in the
Sky ----- 274
Short cut to knowledge 1-2, 20
Shushan—Nehemiah (Neemias) - 202
Siddartha 116, 214, 268, 270, 271
Sikhs -   •   - 34, 116
 INDEX

389

Page

Silence about Phallism in the
Bible   -   -   -   -   2 5

Sin in Eden   -   -   -   -   22

Sinai-Horeb story. Two writers
not separable -   -   - 157

Sinai-Horeb stories too well “har-
monised" -   -   -   - 158

Sins visited to the third and
fourth generation, only true
of Syphilis   -   -   - 230

Sister-spouse relationship   - 136

Siva, male energy. Phallic   33. 36

Siva right, male. Vishna left.

female   -   -4 7

Siva-devi   -   -   -   34,   42

Siva's Phallic Bull -   -   -35

Skin coats in Eden after fall.
“Fair* autumn approach
of winter   -   -   -   -   178

Skoptsi, Castration Sect   -   - 185

Skull instead of Serpent, as Phallic

sign........................234

Skuthians   -   -   -   -   194

Sky supported by Phalli, Lantoni 72
Sky, beings in   -   -   -   -   1

Slaughter of Innocents, Solar - 284
Slaves for prostitution in Egypt

and Asia -   -   82, 227

Slow progress of science   -   - 20

Smectymnus   -   -   -   -   4*

Smith's Diet, of Antiquites- - 85
Smith, George—Discoveries 11, 145
Socialists in too great a hurry,
great things have already been
done by insurance, co -opera -
tion, old age pensions, educa -
tion. We are well on the road
to universal insurance -   -   355

Sodomy, a religious rite 224, 242
Solar and Phallic cults linked up

112, ri4

Solar and Phallic faith, Josiah - 260
Solar movements followed law9,
h^nce Sun Gods placed behind
Sun -   -   -   -   - 110

Solar Christian festivals - 115, 128
Solar religion embodied in legends 19
Solar worship only occasional 263-264
Solar worship official, Phallic po-
pular   -   -   -   -16

Solomon's wives* idolatry -   -   237

Solomon's phallic oath -   -   228

Solo-phallic cult 15-16, 112, 116
Solomon went after Astoreth - 223
Solstice -   -   15. 124-131

Solstice, standing still, or death

196, 265

Solstic'v to Equinox, change of
dajr of death of Sun by

Christians -   -   -   - 3*3

Song of Solomon, Nissi <?r Pole
(banner) -   253

Sons of God -   -   * 295

Sons of God, List of -   - 307-3 n

Sons of Jove, annual Suns 115, 136

Page

Sons of Jove, slain ones. Saviours,
Redeemers -   -   -   115

Sons of Zoroaster -   -   -   136

Sorrowful Heart with Babe -   -   170

Sorceress, Huldah, discovers word
of God -   -   - 144-145

Soter Kosmoi, Vatican -   84,   253

Soul (Juno generates) - 169, 324
Soul -   -   -   -   5, 14

Solomon's Wives Idolators- - 237
Soul, life, thought, are products
not producers -   343

Soul, spirit, thought, are due to

energy of oxidising carbon - 343
Soul unknown to Bishop -   -338

Spencer, Herbert ... 295
Sphinx, Orientation   of   -   -   134

Spire and Church are Lingam-
Yoni   -   258.   259

Spire is Church's Husband
(Nishi) -   -   -   -   259

Spire is the Phallus   -   -   -   259

Spire not always a glorified roof

(Ruskin) -   -   -   -   258

Spirit..............................169

Spirit, broken -   267

Spirits, evil   -   -   -   7, 14

Spirit of God, mistranslation

Ruach   -   161   -164

Spirit of God moving on Waters

161, 322

Spirit, Holy, see Holy Ghost
Spiritual religion rejects know -
ledge   -   -   -   -   119

Sporting, Leaping, and playing,

Phallic   -   230,   239

Spring Sun, always a Bridegroom 114
Star gazers   -   -   -   -   198

Star, symbol or Venus or Istar - 223
Stars cause religious feelings -   2

Stars for orientation -   -   -   16

Steam at Alexandria -   -   119

Stein, Sir Marc Aurel   -   3

Steppes of Asia, races influenced

Religion of Asia and Europe no
Sterilising criminals   -   -   355,   356

Stole on Priest makes Bisexual

emblem   -   -   -   -   256

Stole, Roman Matron's gown - 256
Stole, woman's garment, makes

priest double sexed -   24,   184

Stones a9 living Gods 241* 254-255
Stone circles or Kirkles, give the

word9. Church and Kirk 82, 131
Stone as Father   -   -   241,   250

Stone monuments in Ireland   - 96

Stone Phallus, Living God   -   -255

Stones as Christs   -   -   -   252

Stonehenge (orientation)   -   -131

Stonehenge — Masculine pillar

Femmine altar -   -   - 131

Stonehenge oriented to Summer
Solstice -   •   -   -   131

Stones hear pravers 252, 254. 255
Strabo on sacrifice of Virginity - 227
 990

INDEX

Pag*

Streets, Phalli   in   all   streets at

Jerusalem   xao,   221, 234,   242

Streets, Phalli   in   all   streets at

Dahomey -   -   -   -   235

Stupas -   -   -   -   -32

Succoth Benoth, made by men of

Babylon   -   -   145,   225-229

Succoth Benoth, sale of Doves,

Jesus objects -   -   -   3*5

Succoth Benoth, 24,000 worshippers
died on account of sex worship 230
Succoth Benoth, tents of prostitu -
tion for young women to sac -
rifice their virginity to Melitta
the great Mediator - 225-230
Suffering common to all sons of

Jove......................115

Sun and Moon worship, Josiah,

Manasseh -   260, 261

Sun and Phallic worship combined

112, 130

Sun's attributes personified 115, 391
Sun called the Saviour, Pausanius 128
Sun Cricifixion or Passover 134-13 5
Sun Gods descend to earth to save
mankind -   -   -   *13 7

Sun gods, History of   -   -   -   131

Sun Gods, great period of -   -   no

Sun Gods, list of   -   -   -   no

Sun Gods slain by tooth or Boar of

winter   -   -   -   -   no

Sun Gods slain by cold of winter - no
Sun a bridegroom, Earth Bride 54^5 5
Sun is Saviour crossified or cru-
cified to save mankind 284, 313
Sun is Saviour, in Northern coun -

tries -   -   -   -   -   15

Sun, Life-giver, like Phallus - 112
Sun, Lingam-Yoni and Serpent - 112
Sun lore worked into Hebrew Old
Testament by Ezra and Nehe -
miah from Babylon -   195-196

Sun, Moon and Stars, worship con -
demned   -   -   -   -   261

Sun's motion—Early‘astronomers
could not detect re-ascent of
sun before 25 December, so
that is birth day of all Gods
and Saviours, Jesus included

265-266

Sun myth   -   -   -   -   113

Sun myths in Bible (weak echoes)

196, 260

Sun myth in general -   -   -   111

Sun named by its Houses 125-127
Sun passing from one constellation

or house to another -   126-127

Sun, Redeemer -   -   -   131

Sun shines on Image in Sanctuary

116-117

Sun shining on sexual symbol—
equinox ...   15-16

Sun, source of all fiches and
pleasure -   127

Sun, too holy to name   -   *   125

Pag*

no, 117

130

no

128

129

- 129

130

130

130
116
260
104
*34
3*

Sun worship -   - 104,

Sun worship at St. Paul's, Rome -
Sun worship arose in Northern
Nations -

Sun worship, Sir William Jones -
Sun worship, Max Muller -
Sun Worship, William Henderson 129
Sun Worship, Chinese, Thornton 129
Sun Worship, Hindu, Moore
Sun Worship, Egyptian, Le Page
Renouf -
Sun Worship, Persian
Sun Worship from remote east to
furthest west. Doane -
Sun Worship in India, Oman
Sun Worship in Old Testament -
Sun Worship, second cult 31,

Sun Worship, Universal
Sun worshipped as Life-giver
Sun's daily and yearly birth and
death. Resurrection in Spring
to save the World 15, 127-128
Supernatural -   -   -   -   2

Supernatural belief decaying 21-22
Supernatural origin of religion -   14

Supernatural revelation   8-9

Superstitions, ladder, thirteen,
Niobfc Moon, Friday, touch
wood, increasing as religion
declines -   -   13,

Surya -
Surya, the Sun

Susannah and the Elders (lucky to
see nude female)

Swastica or Svastika, good and
bad -

Sword, dagger, spear, are Phallic -
Swearing by the Phallus 140,
Symbolical worship -
Symbolism decays, confronted with
knowledge   -   -   21-22

Symbolism in Babylonia -   -   65

Symbolism, obscure used by
Priests -

Symbols derived from reproduc-
tive organs   -

Symbolism says one thing and
means another -
Symmachus -

Symmachus ....
Synonyms for Phallus -   41,

Syphilis rampant -   -   230,

Systrum -   49, 64,

Systrum is symbol of Yoni, fer-
tility .....................81

*4

10

129

- 87

165
65
228
1. 7

- 24

: 2 3

169
149

200
239
233

70

i» j h

Tabernacle, account fabuloidf* - 244
Tabernacle never erected -   -   244

Tabernacle would not stand - 244
Tabernacle, myth of a Scribe - 244
Tabernacle, Colenso's exposure - 244
Tabernacle, materials impossible to
procure .... 243
 INDEX

391

Tabernacle, Encyc. Biblica. - 244
Tabernacle was a womb, Dolphin

skins.......................247

Tabernacle conceived for a miracle
play of death and re-birth
of the Sun, but never really
erected -   248-250

Tabernacles, Feast of (merry) - 248
Tabernacle of God, Mary, Queen

of Heaven -   162

Tabernacle of Life -   323

Tabernacle, Phallic miracle play 244
Tabernacle, Phallic miracle play - 244
Tacitus -   -   -   - 317, 323

Tahmud-insulse rule, tone down

Phallic phrases   -   -   -   41

Tam muz -   -   -   -   - no

Tammuz as St. Thomas 330-331
Tammuz Adonis and Jesus were

identical Sun Gods -   - 299

Tamper ng with text - ii, 149
Tantras, eight divine mothers 35, 48
Tan trie worship, Bisexual -   -   36

Targum in language unknown to

the people   -   -   -   150

Tat, Tet or Dad   -   -   -   73

Tat, Tet or Dad, Evolution of - 73
Tau and Phallus, form of Cross -   67

Taurus, Sun quits Taurus, Mithras

slays Bull -   -   -   -   126

Teachers of all nations incrusted

with identical Sun niyths - 134
Tehom, Hebrews made Tihamat
(feminine) into Tehom (mas-
culine)   -   -   - 192-193

Tehom -   -   -   -   *171

Tehom in Creation -   - 190, 193

Tell us of Origins   -   -   - 160

Temple at Jerusalem often de-
stroyed -   146-148

Temple destroyed and furniture
sent to Rome
Covenants
Golden Candlestck
Sacred books

Inhabitants enslaved and de-
ported -   273

Temple feminine name, ship, etc.,
needs pillar, spire or tower to
form bisexual combination - 254
Temple girls, Palaki, from Pala -   32

Temple of Life to come -   - 323

Temple prostitutes   -   -   -   88

Temples, orientation -   -   -   16

Temples in Jerusalem, changes - 147
Temptation, Eden   -   -   -   22

Ten Commandments written in
Cuneiform -   -   -   -   141

Terminology of Hebrew Gods very
loose Al. El, II, Ol -   -153

Tertullian, Christians adopted all
Pagan festivals, Augustine,
Justin Martyr 135, 299, 329

Terra.............................48

Testudo, Tortoise, bearer of life - 139

Testament, witness, testimony,
covenant, swearing on Phallus
or testes -   -   -   -   139

Testis, testimony or witness,

Phallic -   -   139-140, 228

Test, wide-spread significance - 139
Tetrapla, Ongen's ... 200
Texts of Bible mutilated -   -   13

Thamte ----- 191
Thebes, Colossi orientation -   -   133

Thebes, City of the Cow Hathor - 126
Thenen Serpent—Phalias Athene 52
Theodotian -   -   -   149,   200

Theophilus (Bishop) Phallic sym-
bols ..........................88

Theory of Evolution -   -   -   11

Theseus.........................no

Thirteen superstition -   -   -13

Thirteen unlucky, 12 months live
always; Sun dies or twelve
months and a fraction or
broken one -   -   -   -   114

Of thirteen one must die within
the year as does the Sun - 114
Twelve Apostles, Jesus dies -   -   114

Thornton, Hist, of China -   -   129

Thou shalt surely die -   -   -176

Thousand sacred prostitutes,

Eryx and Corinth   -   - 88

Three days and three nights, 40

hours, Matthew -   -   -   266

Three in one, intensely Phallic 24,

155. 259

Three in One of prayer book,
Creative phrase, Fleur de Lys,
Broad Arrow, Trident, Trisool
and Leaf of Bacchus 24, 155, 259
Thyrsus -   -   -   -   -   85

Tiam ----- igr
Tiamat, Tihamat -   -   -   191

Tihamat and Ruach   -   -192

Tibet, destruction of Bibles by

soldiers   -   -   -   -   147

Titus Caesar levelled Temple of

Jerusalem -   147

oth—personal history 157,

190, 288

Tohua Bohu   -   -   - 171,   190

Tolstoi...........................185

Tone down gross Phallic ex -

pressions in Bible   -   -   41

Tongues ----- 203
Tonsure, Phallic -   256

Tonsure is circumcised Phallus - 256

Torah.............................145

Tools required   in Eden   -   -   173

Torquemada   -   -   -   -   199

Tortoise worship, Phallic   -   -   18

Tortoise, phallic symbol, Testudo

139. 230

Tortoise bears the world   -   -   18

Tortoise head, the Phallus 18,

139. 230

Totemism and Exoyamy, Frazer -   6

Mirolatry, against knowledge - 1x9
Mirologue -   -   -   5,   14

Mirologue necessary to religion - 280

Mirology............................5

Mirophily,   5, 7, 19, 21, 279

Mirophily in Christianity (Pan-
theism) -   -   -   -   339

Mirophilic craving   6

Mirophilic sentiment in man -   55

Mistranslations in Bible - 159-160
Mistranslation of Bible   -   -   12

Mistranslation to hide phallic
words 41, 161, 230, 23x, 251
Mithras   84, no-111

Mithras slaying the Bull -   - 126

Mithras, the Mediator, Sun God - 130
Mitologia Egezia   -   -   -   74

Mixture of religions in Jerusalem - 261
Modern Sacrifice of Children   -   300

Modern superstitions   -   -13

Modern superstitions same as

savage -   -   -   -13

Modern Tendencies -   -   -   334

Mohammadan Religious Symbol

feminine -   -   -   -259

Monks and Nuns wearing Phallic

Ankh -   256-257

Monstrance, female symbol 259, 323
Monthly prognosticators   -   -   198

Moon changes, first called man's

attention -   -   -   - 123

Moon Chaste -   -   -   - 87

Moon's cusp, or ark, feminine 67, 123
Moon, Measurer of time   -   -   123

Moon -Month, Week, Quarter

Moon -   -   -   124

Moon through glass -   -   13.   87

Moon-time had hold on com-
mercial dates -   -   -   124

Moore's Hindu Pantheon   -   -   129

Morality inherent in man, Saleeby,

Conybeare -   343

Mordecai, Marduk, Sun Myth - 196
Morgan, Owen -   -   -   - 93

Morning is joy or light   -   -   2

Mosaic authorship -   -   -   142

Moses at an Inn, Circumcision - 218
Moses not mentioned till 1000

years after death   -   -   142

Mother and wife of Gods 48, 111, 164
Mother God supreme. Male, a

mere satellite - 102, 163, 169
Mother of God -   -   -   - 22

Mother of God, other names - 170
Mother of God, Queen of Heaven - 170
Mother of God, worshipped by
Persians, Syrians, and aU
Kings of Europe and Asia

169. 323

Mother of Gods, worshipped in
Europe and Asia with pro-
found veneration -   -   323

Mothers of God or Sun -   -   xti

Maya   *

Mylitta

Page

Myrrha

Myrrina

Maria

Mary

Mervyn

Morven

Miriam

Mothers must not be wage earners 354
Mother held in honour and inno -

cent.........................357

Mother, sister -spouse, relation -

ship -   -   -   -   136,   192

Motherhood   -   -   -   -   356

Muliebre Pudendum, Symbols of 26
Muller, Max, on Sun worship - 129
Multiply, chief command to Heb -

raws -   243

Mundane egg with serpent of

passion   -   -   -   -   6l

Mus6e secrete, Nismes   -   - 94

Multilation by devotees   -   -   184

Myllitta...........................48

Myllitta, Castration of devotees - 184
Mystery in Church of England -   2

Mysteries of generation, Oman - 35
Mystics, Ascetics, and Saints of

India   35,46

Myths of Babylon, Greece, and

Rome -   -   -   -   19

Myths loved by simple folks -   5

" N "

Nabis, Hebrew -   -   140,   222,   225

Nabis condemn Baal-peor wor-
ship ----- 239
Nabis dare not attack idolatry of

Solomon's wives   -   -   237

Nabis, detestation of woman - 165
Nabis in opposition -   -   •   263

Nabis, excitable Mullahs, so ex-
citable that overseers had to
be appointed -   263

Nabis favour Eduth worship - 224
Nabis or Hebrew prophets -   -   38

Nabis or Naziris (Scoldings) - 263
Nabis punished, put in Stocks - 263
Nabis* Religion, Right hand Cult- 220
Ezekiel. Jeremiah, etc., were
Nabis, John the Baptist also,
lucrative profession   -   -   263

Naked girls worshipped (see Sakta)

43.   226

Nakedness   -   -   -   17

Names, people's derived from

Gods' .... 241
Nana fertilised by Pomegranate - 248
Naphthali, Jacob ben. Old Testa-
ment ----- 144
Natalis Invicta Solis (birthday of
Unconquered Sun)   -   -   ill

Nations, all. Monotheistic   -   *   159

Nations all Phallic -   -   -28

National life must be organised on
sure scientific lines   -   -   354
 INDEX

381

Page

Mature of race who evolved the
Bible   -   -   -   -215

Natural phenomena influenced

religion   -   -   -   - 16

Nave, Navis, ship - 162, 238, 259
Navel of world -   103

Naville, Cuneiform alone used in

Palestine, no trace of Hebrew 141
Naville. Gods created every day - 112
NeboorNabi, Herald of Marduck;

Nabis, Heralds of Yahweh - 263
Necromancy   7

Nebulous text of Old Testament 144
Nehemiah -   202

New Christian Trinity. Father,

Mother and Babe -   -   320

New Moon, Caesar, Julius, fixed
new year at nearest new
moon, hence wrong -   -   124

New Moon, Diana seen naked, good
luck, hence must not be seen
through glass (veiled) -   -   87

New Moon, wishing a wish -   -   87

New Testament, Astronomical 288-291
New Testament -   270

New Testament caused by Sun

entering Pisces -   -   -   291

New Testament change of Sign

of Zodiac -   290

New Testament curious mixture 271
New Testament change of outlook,

cause of   -   -   -   273

New Testament Criticism - 270-287
New Testament Fish worship, Sun

in Pisces -   -   287 et seq.

New Testament, Ichthus or

Ikthus worship -   287

New Testament instead of names
with Iah, Baal, Bosheth, we
have John, James, Twelve
Apostles, etc., or later Latin
names, Nicodemus, Lazarus,

etc.........................287

New Testament “ Messiah" is
rendered “ Christ" to cut the
connection with Iah (Jehovah) 287
New ^Testament, no “ Iah" in
names .... 287
New Testament not history. A
mere frame on which to hang
a new dogma -   -   -315

New Testament, total change of
language and   names   -   -   287

New Testament, unreal, quite un -
like Old Testament which is
virile, boastful, savage -   - 315

New Testament,   Yahweh   dis-
appears -   287

New Tlftng, none in Religion,
King -   -   -   33* 170

New Year, Egyptian, at midsum -

mer.....................132

New Year fixed falsely by making
it nearest New Moon, Julius
Caesar -   124

-   321

»75

3*1

-   114

re

-   114

128
84

150

-   124

321

275

97

249

122

249

13

94

Page

New Year travelled all round year 124
Newman, Cardinal, 11 Mother of
fair love " -

Newman, Cardinal, Virgin Mary
as Holy Ghost -
Newman glorifies Mary
Newton, Sir Isaac, Christian Fes-
tivals, Astronomic
Newton, Sir Isaac, Faith above
Science

Newton, Sir Isaac, Christian Solar
festivals -   - -   114,

Newton, Twin Serpents
Newton's speculation on Bible -
New Year erroneously fixed by
Julius Caesar

Nice Council of Melchites, said
three persons in trinity.
Father, Mary and Son
Nicene Conference, Virgin Mary -
Nicholas, Saint   -

Nimrod or Ninus   -

Nine Virgins, Heimdal
Ninus, Nimrod -
Niobe -

Nismes, Mus6e Secrete
Nismes shameless Phallic decora-
tions built by authorities.
Magistrates and Governors
No beginning can be found 160-161
No Gods without Phallic basis - 100
No new thing in Religion, King 33, 170
“ No work," day, Sabbath 106-109
Noah's Ark -   167, 239

Noble pillar, Phallus   -   -   81

Norse Gods, Solar -   -   -   130

Northern races found beneficence

of Sun -   -   -   - 110

Nude bathing in India   -   -   44

Nudity Holy   -   -   45, 46

Nude virgins and sacred serpents - 89
Nude, worship of, in Europe
Nudity begets no shame. Shame
comes with clothing
Nudity natural to hot countries -
Nudity of female, good luck 87,
Nudity unnatural to cold countries 235
Nudity worshipped in Greece as in

Britain   -   -   -   -   87

Number 12   -   -   -   -   114

Number Forty, Holy   -   -   265

Nuns -   -   -   -   -32

Nuns and Harlots identical -   -   225

Nut and Seb   -   -   -   -   73

94

44

320

235

123

<« Q »»

O, Female symbol   -   -   -   23

Oak tree, Phallic   -   -   -   17

Oaks of Dodona, Pliny   -   -   17

Oath, Phallic -   139-140, 228, 252

Objects worshipped, diversity of 1
Obscure symbolism of Priests -   24

Obscene words in Bible to be
changed •   -   -   -   41
 382

INDEX

Page

Oedipus -   -   -   * iio

Oil,   Phallic, Isernia -   -   * 94

Oiling Unction, Pagan practice
(Chrinoi, Christos, oiled) - 258
Old customs die hard -   327

Old Gods dead, Phallism was left
behind with the dead Gods 346
Old school looked backwards -   11

Old Sun, Bacchus -   -   - no

Old Testament, adding and taking

away from   -   -   *158

Old Testament, contradiction

throughout   -   -   - 157

Old Testament entirely Phallic - 25
Old Testament, Masoretic version 143
Old Testament (O.T.), Nebulous

text -   144

Old Testament texts, list of
Origen's   -   208

Old   Testament -   -   -   - 130

Old Testament, History of 138-152
Old Testament, Analysis of 152-214
Old Testament, Phallism in 215-259
Old Testament, Sun Worship in

260-269

Old Testament, earliest copy at
St. Petersburg, dated 916
a.d.   -   -   - 144, 151

Old Testament, other copy for

revised version 1034 a.d. - 144
Old Testament, tracing descent,

discussion -   145

Old Testament, of slow growth

through barbarous ages - 150
Old Testament Cosmogony, Baby -
Ionian   -   145

Old Testament written on shreds

of leather -   -   - 146, 148

Old Testament, badly tanned

hides ----- 147
Old Testament often destroyed

145-147

Old Testament, Origen a great

“ harmoniser ”   -   *   149

Old Testament, wilful mistrans-
lation   -   -   -   -   151

Old Testament, lost to sight till

916 a.d.   -   151

Old Testament, arrived through
Mohammedan sources -   -   151

Old Testament, 400 years amongst
Moors   -   -   -   -   151

Old Testament, classification of
Writers   -   157-158

Ol or Oliun, most high in Old Tes -
tament   -   -   -   -   154

Om, Dayanand makes sign of   -   45

Om, Mother of Gods -   -   45

Om, Word of Sanctity -   -   45

Om, original of Womb; Woman is
Womb-man -   -   - 23

Om, Sadhu makes sign of -   -   46

Om,—Omph,   female   -   23

Oman, 33, 34. 35. 3$, 37-40, 44,

46, 114, 116, 268, 30X, etc.

Oman, Doctor J. Campbell, Books 33
Omphale, Om and Phallus double
sexed   -   -   -   -   23

Omphale, Ophelim -   -   - 231

Omphallism   -   -   -   -   35

Ooma or Uma, Mother or Womb,

or Yoni   -   -   -   -   23

Oort, Dr. .... 252
Orb of Power   -   82, 255, 332

Ophelim -   230-231

Organs of Reproduction used as
symbol of life -   -   - 16

Orientation (compass direction) 130-133
Orientation of Churches -   131-133

Orientation imposible in Cities - 133
Orientation of   Isis   to   Sirius   or

Sothis   -   -   -   -   132

Orientation to Stars -   -   -   132

Orientation, Westminster Cathe-
dral ........................133

Origen castrated for the Kingdom
of Heaven's sake   -   -   185

Origen tampers with the tampered

149, 158

Origen, Tetrapla, Hexapla -   - 200

Origen's Texts, list of -   200

Origins.........................160

Osiris 2, 19-20, 72, 81, 85, 160
Osiris and Typhon -   -   -   126

Osiris, basis of Egyptian legends 72
Osiris, Ithyphallic -   -   -   81

Osiris and Eduth or Testimony - 246
Osiris, women weeping for 297-298
Outlook in New Testament, cause

of change of   271-272

Over lord of the Earth, Kaiser - 240
Ovid..............................301

.I p..

Paeonians of Thrace, Sun worship 117
Pagan Gods canonised by Roman

Catholic Church -   -   329-332

St. Dionysius
St. Eleuther
St. Rustic
St. Bacchus
St. Tammuz
St. Delphin
St. Josophat
St. Barlaam

St. Espedito *   -   329,   332

Pagan Gods are now Christian
Saints or Godlets (St. Bacchus,

St. Denys, etc.) -   329

Pagans put Mother of Gods first,
Christians debase woman, and
recognise no Mother of God

169. 323

Pagan religions contain all Chris-
tian ideas (no new religion) - 327
Pagans took nothing from Chris-
tianity, Christianity took
everything from Paganism*
Augustine, Justin Martyr ana
Tertullian -   328, 330
 INDEX

383

Page

Pagan trinity, Father, Mother and
Son, obliterated by Hebrews,
but re-established   -   -   169

Paine, T. -   -   -   -   »   210

Pala (phallus)   -   -   -   -   26

Pala, symbols   of   -   26,   30,   103

Paladium (Phallus God) -   -   26

Palaki -   -   -   -   32,   216

Palaki, Temple girls, from Pala

32, 216

Palakistan, Baluchistan (Louri) - 216
Palatine Hill -   -   -   -   217

Palenque, Phallic symbols -   -   217

Palermo, Phallic processions - 95
Pales, God of flocks, double sexed 217
Palestine, Palastan, Pala Phallus,

Land of the Phallus   -   *215

Palestine used only Babylonian

Cuneiform writing   -   -   141

Palestina same as Philistine   -   216

Palikoi -   -   -   -   -217

Palladium of German liberty,

Hermanu Sul -   -   -   93

Pallas Athene, Thenen, serpent -   52

Pallium ----- 257
Pallor and Pavor -   4

Palm Tree means Man   -   -   61

Palm Tree, Phallic   -   -   -   17

Pan anointing Phallus -   -51

Pan " Great Pan is dead " old

creeds getting discredited - 346
Pantheism in Christianity - 336, 337
Paphos—Paphia -   -   -88

Paradise—Garden—Summer -   15

Paradise or garden   -   -   -   111

Paradise on earth if energies pro-
perly directed -   242

Paschal or Passover lamb—Jesus
the same—Crucifixion is Pass -

over......................304

Pascha ----- 284
Passover -   -   -   -   15

Passover, passing over, Cross-
over, Cros dfication—Cr uci -
fixion -   265

Passover derived from Babylon,
nothing to do with Egypt
(Egpytian story apooryphal)

284, 304

Paul," by faith alone M started the

Dark Ages   -   -   - 199

Paul knew nothing of Jesus

(Drews) -   -   -   - 337

Paul's Faith doctrine, what it leads

to, lowest depths of Infamy 329
Paul's ** faith ” led to orgy of

mirophily   -   - 202-203

Paul's promises of an immediate

KinfUom -   273

Paul's Sophistry, Faith as evi-
dence   2, 329

Paul and Jerome lead to Inquisi -

-tion -   199

Paul's unknown God *1   -   -   2

Pausanius *   •   -   - 128

Page

Pavor and Pallor -   -   -   4

Penates and Lares -   -   89-90

Peni, Peni-Baal, Peni-el -   - 42

Peoples' names derived from God

names   -   241

Peor Apis—Priapus -   89, 229, 289

Peor -   88, 230, 232, 254, 289

Perfect Creative God required a

woman -   -   -   -   24

Perfect Phallic Man -   -   -   256

Period of Sun Gods -   -   -   no

Perpetual interdict against re -

building Temple by Hadrian 147
Perowne, Doctor, Phallic Messianic

promise   -   239

Perseus -   -   -   -   -   no

Persian occupation of Palestine - 147
Persian Sun Worship -   -   130

Perso-Babylonian Religion -   -   201

Peru-Cuzco Sun worship -   -   117

Peru, Prescot's -   -   -   -   117

Peruvian Sun worship   -   -   117

Petrie, Flinders -   -   -   196

Petreus of Prometheus is the Peter

of Jesus   -   302

Phalli erected at every strret cor -
ner and under every green
tree -   -- 140, 221, 235, 242

Phalli in every street, Palestine

and Dahomey -   235

Phalli of various materials -   -   29

Phalli found in lowest strata   -   29

Phalli forty feet below Troy -   29

Phalli on grave stones, Scotland -   29

Phalli upon every hill, and under

every green tree, list of texts 242
Phallic altar   -   -   -   -   221

Phallic Columns -   56, 57, 58

Phallic conceptions in Biblp

texts -   -   -   -   -   12

Phallic cult in earliest, still widely

practised   -   -   -   -15

Phallic cult, direct and personal 15
Phallic dance before Ark (Relic

or banner)   -   -   -   -   236

Phallic dances, David, Mical - 236
Phallic diseases, Syphilis, with

love.........................217

Phallic emblems everywhere pub-
lic in Europe after Romans -   93

Phallic emblems publicly ex -

posed in Ireland on Churches 94
Phallic exhibition is called Leap-
ing and Dancing -   -   236

Phallic Feast of the Jews or

Hebrews   -   225

Phallic feasts, Roman and Greece 92
(Bacchanalia, Floralia, Forni -
calia, Hilaria, Liberalia,
Lupercalia, Maternalia, Vul-
canalia)   -   -   -   - 92

Phallic gods are creators and yet
destroyers   -   -   -   -   35

Phallic Hermes of Greece becomes
Philosophical Logos -   *   346
 394

INDEX

Page

Phallic land right round coast
• from India to Egypt -   - ax6

Phallic medals were public acts
of the State   -   -   86-87

Phallic Oath -   139, 140, 228, 253

Phallic oath still exists in Arabia 228
Phallic oil. Isernia   -   -   '94

Phallic phrases often repeated - 242
Phallic pillar, Blackmoor 56, 252
Phallic pillars (Blackmoor Eng*
lish List, Wales, Scotland,
Ireland, Fiji, Karnak, Mon-
golia, Tartary, India, etc.)

$7. 58, 59

Phallic pillar of Dorsetshire,

Jerome condemned change, yet h
Flood and Solstice -   -   - 196

Flood, contradictory Accounts of 12
Flood, Hebrew and Babylonian

Accounts compared -   - 204

In 1876, great wave came in 200
miles and drowned 215,000
men. Similar castastrophe in
Cuneiform, about 2000 b.c.
Such floods form foundation

for Flood stories , -   - 204

Floods in Babylonia, river and

sea   ...   204-5

Floods, Hindu   -   -   204-5

Floods, Chinese   -   -   204-5

Floods, Parsee   -   -   204-5

Floods,   Zend   A vesta -   204-5

Floods, Greeks -   204-5

Floods,   Kelts   ...   204-5

Floods,   Scandinavians -   204-5

Floods, Mexicans   -   -   204-5

Floods, Hebrews, two accounts - 195
Flood impossible, no water to
raise ocean more than 10
inches   -   -   -   -9 5

Flooding altars with water -   51

Floralia   -   -   -   - 92

Folk lore, founded on Sun Myths no
Forbidden fruit -   - 173-180

Foreign gods imposed on Hebrews 228
Foreign gods imposed on Saxons

228-352

Foreign words used for Phallic
terms as Native words
sound indecent   26, 89, 140

Foreign Priests teach the Hebrews

14$, 228

Foreskins as price of wife (David) 236
Forlong 99, 101,105, 128, 147* *49» 256
Forlong, Rivers of Life, Diet.
Relg. 6, 24, 25, 42, 58, 62,

84, 88. 139, 149
Fornicalia -   -   -   - 92

Forty, Holy Number   - 196, 265

Frazer, J. G., Golden Bough 7, 220
 372

INDEX

Page

Free Church Creed, Scotland   - s 82

Freia, the free one ... 234

Frey...........................no

Friday changed from joy to mourn-
ing .............................292

Friday, joyful under venus, but sad
under Jesus -
Friday, Woman* s day, turned into
Death day

292

-   292

-   48

Fruit of every tree allowed, no for-
bidden fruit at first -   - 173

Fruit forbidden -   - 173-176

“ Fruitful and multiply" chief

command -   -   - 243

Fruitful and Multiply Command-
ment -   172

Future Life, no mention in Old
Testament (Sayce) -   - 143

G”

Galilee, Galil, circle, chirchle, or

Church -   -   -   - 336

Gates of Gaza -   264

Gautama Buddha tonsured - 256
Gay Ribbons on Phallic emblems

44, 57. 58. 229
Gaza, gates of ... 264
Geddes,Alexander, Bible Critic - 152
Geduth, see Eduth -
Gemini, The Twins -   -   118,   126

Genesis 2nd, many verses Baby-
lonian -   141

Genesis, Gosmogony Babylonian 145
Genesis, early chapter Song of
Solomon and Ezekiel equally
Phallic, not fit to be read 240
Genesis, Geddes's criticism- - 152
Generative act in Eden -   -   23

Genitals, cause of all evil, Attis - 184
German language retains old
Phallic words 82, 234, 235
Germanic, Phallic Column - 92
Ghi, melted butter, for anointing 90
Ghost, Bishop Casting out -   14

Ghost, Holy 162, 163, 164, 275, 322
Guides to reading Bible -   -   13

Ginsburg, Dr, (Masorah) -   -   144

Glover on early biographies of

J%esus ...   - 274

Glover on Tree worship -   -   17

Glover on Lares ana Penates
anointing -   89-90

God cannot be separated
from Phenomena around us,

“ Don't know " is only pos-
sible position. ... 335
God cannot create without female 24
God, Character of   210

God identical with man -   -   22

God in Bible, mistranslation 12,

158, 160

0 God-in-man" "should be
" Good-in-man"   -   -   344

Page

“ God's spell" tike Witch's spell
(Gospel)   -   -   -   - 139

God, Lord, tree, stump, post, pil-
lar, and Phallus are the same 154
God male and female (double
sexed)   -   -   -   - 172

God, Male and female   -   -   23

God, male, a mere Satelite.

Female, supreme - 102, 163
God, man's first, fear   -   -   4

God, Mother of   - 23

God names as peoples' names - 241
God names, derivation and de-
velopment -   153—157, 240, 241

God of the Hebrew Bible   -   -   210

God, Spirit of, female -   -   -   25

God, singular and plural:   -   15,   160

God within us, and Good within us - 344
Godlets in Christian Creed -   -158

Gods all have Phallic basis -   -   100

Gods all had female counterparts -275
Gods are their own fathers -   *136

Gods created every   day   by Ptah

Totumen -   -   -   -   112

God's day is Sun's day in all nations 104
Gods, different kinds in Bible -   12

Gods, dwelling place, trees -   -   17

Gods of Hebrews, plural -   159-161

Gods made by man in his own

image (Budge)   -   -   -   22

Gods have wives and offspring - 22
Gods, Mother of   -   -   -   23

Gods, pagan, as Christian Saints- 330
Gods suckled by their wives 136-163
God's Truth, fixed by majority of

votes .... 341
Goddess, none in Hebrew Heaven 165
Goddesses of Love   -   -   -   163

Goddess with Lingam, China and

Japan .... 103
Gold of that land was good -   -   176

Golden calf, leaping naked, Bosh-

eth   ....   224

Golden Rule -   -   -   99,   3 50

Goldziher ...   196,   291

Goldziher, Mythology amongst

the Hebrew   6

Goldziher on Cain's posterity.

Sun Myths ... 291
Good food, good clothes, good
houses, watchword of religion
of man .... 354
Gopis, Siva's mistresses   -   -   35

Gospels are not history   -   -   315

Gospels written by men who had

never been in Palestine - 317
Gotama's beautiful teaching, basis
of that of Jesus -   - 269-271

Gould, Rev. S. Baring, on Bible

teaches popery ... 272
Graham—Galichu Tree   -   -   17

Grave clothes priests   -   -   249

Grave stones, Phallic signs on - 29
Great Pan is dead (pantheon no
longer betiteved in)   -   -   346
 INDEX

373

Page

Great sacrifice, sexual act -   -46

Greece, Name Phallus originated

there .... 104
Greek and Roman Phallic feasts - 116
Greek Minor Gods -   107

Greek Phallism very refined - 107
Greek Phallic Feasts no, in, 116
Greeks copied nude human body - no
Greeks' fairy stories, Pantheism - 340
Green Tree, Phalli, under every

27, 216, 425, 436, 463
Grimm, Jacob -   -   -   -   9

Grossness covered by meaningless

words   -   -   -   -   20

Grove, Ashera, or Shameful thing

66, 87

" Grove " had 400 priests under

Jezebel -   -   -   224

Grove mistranslated   -   -   223

Groves '‘Shameful"   -   -   223

Grove worshippers were Sodomites 224
“ Habitation of God " Queen of

Heaven   -   -   -   -   162

Hadrian ploughed site of Temple - 147
Haeckel   -   -   -   -   n

Hall, Dr., on Jewish children 186-187
Hamilton, Sir William, letter to
Sir Joseph Banks on Phallism
at Isernia in Italy   -   -   94

Hand, euphemism for Phallus - 41
Hangings for the Phallus woven in

the Temple -   229

Hardy's Phallic Pillar, Christ-in-

hand   -   -   -   56,   252

Harlot, semi-religious in India -   32

"Harmonising" Ecclesiastes - 149
Hasmanean wars   -   -   - 146

Head-dress of Bridegroom in

Festivals   -   -   -   -   114

Healthy life from cradle to grave 355
Heart, a broken and a contrite - 267
Hearts (burning) on Phallic altar 86

Heaven...........................14

Heaven full of Saints, Godlets *158
Heavenly host   -   -   - 16

Hebrew and Babylonian Creations 193
Hebrew Bible, basis of Christianity 8
Hebrews borrowed Phoenician

Alphabet   -   141

Hebrew captives deported to Rome
and built Coliseum and
Pyramid of Caius Sextus - 147
Hebrew Captivities in Assyria,
Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam,
Shinar, Hamath and the
Islands of the Sea (Greece) - 147
Hebrew Creation from arid soil - 174
Hebrew Creation derived from

Babylon   -   192

Hebrew Nabis’ debasement of
woman strange, as Egyptians
and Babylonians placed her
very high   -   295

Hebrews, insanitary, expelled

from Egypt ... 308

Page

Hebrew God, Character of -   - 310

Hebrew God Al, Ale, Allah, a ram - 154
Hebrew Gods, plural 158, 160, 254
Hebrew Gods same as those of
surrounding nations -   *151

Hebrew God, Tsur   -   - 252

Hebrew God, Eduth - 251, 254
Hebrew ignorance mistook Baby-
lonian Astronomy for en-
chantments -   -   197-198

Hebrew God, Shechina - 246, 254
Hebrew ignorance of Zodiacal
signs, made their folk lore
inaccurate   ...   364

Hebrew Grove   -   -   - 66

Hebrew language, nebulous - 141
Hebrew miracle play - 244, 250
Hebrew narrative profoundly al-
tered .... 197
Hebrew originals sent to Bruchium 148
Hebrew people loved Queen of

Heaven ...   165,   186

Hebrew people loved bisexual
worship with Kadesha and
Doves, Nabis condemn this - 225
Hebrew pottery, poor   -   -   120

Hebrew pride and exaggeration,
Colenso, Sayce - 205, 208, 235
Hebrew Nabis* religion, right hand

cult......................220

Hebrew Script unknown in Pales-
tine ----- 141
Hebrew scriptures burnt by Antio-

chus 168 b.c. -   -   -   147

Hebrew self-esteem -   -   -   235

Hebrew Sun Myth enacted 244,

250, 280, 294
Hebrew Tabernacle   -   -   244,   250

Hebrew writings, early   -   141,   142

Hebrew year, lunar -   -   -   247

Hebrews, an insignificant Clan - 216
Hebrews banished by Titus 70-71

A.D.   -   -   -   - 147

Hebrews' expulsion from Egypt - 208
Hebrews had no   God of Know-
ledge -   -   -   183

Hebrews hated knowledge - 183
Hebrews* hatred of feminine made
Tiamat (female) into Tehom
(male) -   -   -   192

Hebrews ignorant of Astronomy

260-261

Hebrews mutilated Babylonian

Sun Myths ... 260
Hebrews inhabited Palestine, Pala-

Stan, Land of the Phallus - 225
Hebrews liable to diseases peculiar
to want of cleanliness (botch,
syphilis, scab, itch) -   -   231

Hebrews* Phallic feast -   -   225

Hebrews Phallicafiy mutilated - 217
Hebrews, Polytheistic -   158-160

Hebrews' prophets despised women
(no Goddess in Hebrew Hea-
ven) -   - 165, 192, 193
 374

INDEX

Page

Hebrews* refusal to admit female
to share in creation -   - 193

Hebrews rendered impotent by
disease -   -   -   - 231

Hebrews too ignorant to under-
stand Astronomy -   - 120

Hebrews turned feminine words
masculine -   - 192, 193, 326

Hebrew Gods, Eduth, Shekina,

Tsur, or Yahweh the same - 254
Hebrews worshipped a company

of gods ...   157-160

Heimdal, nine virgins   -   - 122

Heduth, see Eduth

Hell.............................14

Hell dismissed with costs -   9

Hell in hot countries, hot; in cold
countries, cold, example   - 128

Helmholtz, Vortex Atoms -   - 335

Henderson, Wm., on Hindu Reli-
gion   -   129

Hera.............................48

Hercules -   -   23, 163, 324

Hercules -   -   -   -   -   no

Hercules, derivation of name - 163
Herman Sul Column   -   - 93

Hermaphrodite (man-woman)   23-24

Hermes   -   -   -   -   84

Hermes Aphrodite   -   -   -   23

Hermes is Logos   -   -   -135

Hermes is Phallus   -   - 24

Hermes and Jesus   -   -   135

Hero of Alexandria   -   -   -   119

Herodotus on Sacrifice or Vir-
ginity   -   -   -   184,   226

Herodotus on Queen of Heaven - 332
Herodotus, Tonsure represented
Phallic mutilation of Bacchus
(Sun's loss of power in
Winter)   -   -   -   - 256

Herschel, Sir John   -   - 340

Herzog -   -   -   -   - 143

Hesus the Mighty in Europe.

Made Roman's task easy - 317

Heva..............................163

Hexapla lost -   200

Hexapla, Origen's -   200

Hibbert lecturer says Eucharist
was debasing licentiousness
and sanctified lust -   - 316

Hibbert Lecturer, Sun Worship - 130
Hieroglyphics, uncertainty of trans-
lation .... 276
High Priest, death and resurrec-
rection of -   -   - 248-250

High Hill, Phallic Worship 186, 229,

242, 243

Higher Criticism   -   - 156-152

Higher criticism, Sayce -   7

Highly poetic faith, fit for the
Millennium, killed by Paul and
Jerome   -   -   -   - 347

Hilkiah, Torah of Yahweh - 144
Hillel, High Priest, was Baby-
lonian   -   -   *   - 145

Page

Hindu creation -   208

Hindu rites and ceremonies -   - 117

Hindu altar -   -   -   -   31

Hindu religion, Astronomic -129
Hindu sects -   -   -   - 34

Hislop, Two, Babylons 6, 145, 177,

185, 228, 275, 295, 321, 327
Hogmanay, Babylon and Scot-
land ...........................121

Hole in the Sky, Sho'r ha Shamim 274
Jesus and Angels up and down- 274
Holi Festival (Oman)   -   -   37

Hollwell's Dictionary   -   -   325

Holy Number, Forty   -   -   265

Holy Forty, common to all nations 265
Holy Ghost, chief of trinity, as
blasphemy not forgiven - 325
Holy Ghost, feminine 23, 48, 161,

I7L 318. 326
Holy Ghost is Virgin Mary   -   255

Holy Ghost is Woman -   -   275

Holy Ghost, Ruach—Spirit or

breath -   163

Holy Kiss, Eucharist   -   -   316

Holy Week at Rome, Saturn 109, 333
Holy women -   -   -   -   32

Horace, “ Death " is the end - 143
Horeb—Sinai story, Carpenter - 157
Horse Collar -   43*49

Horse shoe in Church floors   -   43

Horse Shoe is Yoni (Phallic)   -   43

Horus   -   -   -   -   no

Horus, Lock of, on Cross - 306
Hours, days, years, all same in

poetic language -   -   -   196

Hours named after Gods -   - 104

Houses of the Sun -   -   -   ig

Hue Abbe in Tibet (Cross, Mitre
and all Christian symbols) 327
Huldah—The Weasel Sorceress - 145
Hundreds of Phallic gems - 86

Huxley..........................335

Hymns, Jesus, Mary, Joseph,

New Trinity -   -   170,   320

“I”

la Jove variations -   -   -   X56

Iah in Hebrew names means Jah-
weh or Jehovah, an early form

285-287

Iah in Babylonian Names, com-
mon .......................156

Identical incidents in lives of
Christ and Christna - 280-283
Idolomania   -   -   -   -   88

Ignorance and Sloth of Clergy
owing to Faith doctrine 337-338
Ignorance of Hebrews -   - 198

Ignorance of people as to nature
of altars   -   -   -   -   30

I.H.S. Dionysius Insignia, several
meanings, Isis, Hours, Seb,

In Hoc Signo, Sothic Cycle - 294
Ilgen, Carl   -   -   -   -   152
 INDEX

375

Page

Illegitimacy in Home, 3160 out of

4373 births illegitimate   -   337

Illegitimacy lower in India than in

Bible-fearing Scotland   -   46

Illegitimate children of Church

Prelates in 1560   -   - 338

Immaculate Conception - 294, 307
Immaculate conception entails the
son being his own father, and
he is suckled by his wife   -136

Immaculate indicated by barred

systrum or ladder   -   -   70

Immortality, Gods deny it to man

(Eden story) -   -   -   182

Immoral questions to young girls,
Licentious poems by Proper-
tius, Tibullus and Juvenal - 327
Immortality symbolised by organs
of reproduction -   -   -   15

Impatient for knowledge, man   -   2

Impatience for knowledge gives

chance to Church   -   -   20

Impatience of people is Priest's

opportunity -   -   -   20

In the beginning -   -   160,   161

Incessant Change in Hebrew

Scriptures   -   -   -   -   150

Incidents identical in lives of

Christ and Christua -   280-283

India has still every phase of re-
ligious development   -   -   32

India, Phallism in   -   -   32

Indian Account of “Fall” 188-189
Indian Astronomy -   260

Indian Creation ... 203
Indians' ignorance as to nature of

altars   -   -   -   -   30

Indian Morality high, Oman - 42
Indra -   -   -   -   -   no

Ingersol, Col.   -   -   -   -   210

Infants unbaptised burn in Hell

fire for ever   -   -   -   328

Inman -   -   -   -   -   24

Inman, Dr., on Salvation and

Saviours -   302

Inquisition due to Paul's Faith

*klea ----- 199

Introspective Communion (Yogis) 34
” Insulse Rule” Milton's -   41,234

Io   -----   48

Iona ----- 324
Ionian Sea, ” Great Pan is dead” 346
Ireland, Evil eye   -   -   -   96

Ireland like Greek coins or Nismes
sculptures -   -   -   -   qC

Ireland. Lingam-Yoni worship -   96

Ireland, Nude figures at Church

door   -   -   -   -   97

Irenaeus invented stories of re-
surrections   -   -   -   313

Irmin Sul Column (God's Rock) 93
Isaac and Abimelech & -   - 239

Isaiah -   120, 125, 198, 147, 150

Isernia, Sir W. Hamilton's letter
about Phallism   -   -   -   94

Page

Ish, man, Ishri, Ish Surya, Ish-
wara   -

Israelites, see Hebrews, Jews
Israelites' Gods, Eduth, Shekina,

Tsur or Yahweh, are the
same -

I star............................

Istar of no special sex
Ishhwara's Creation -
Italy, Isernia Phallism
Ithyphallic   -   -   -   41

Ithyphallic Gods, Min, Horus,

Amen Ra, Osiris -   - 81

IV same as IO, double-sex
IV is IU with pittar, Jupiter IS5-156
Ivy leaf—Phallic   -   -   - 24

Ixion   -   -   -   -   no

Izdubar...........................no

- 69

254

48

325

203

95

79

I*

J"